Influence of Hepatitis B immunization to prevent vertical transmission of Hep-B virus in infants bam from Hep-B positive mother

  • Liza Fitria Department of Child Health, University of Indonesia Medical School/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
  • Hartono Gunardi Department of Child Health, University of Indonesia Medical School/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
  • Arwin A. P. Akib Department of Child Health, University of Indonesia Medical School/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
Keywords: transmission, HBsAg-positive mother, hepatitis B immunization

Abstract

Background Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases worldv.ide. Indonesia has moderate-high endemicity for hepatitis B infection. Perinatal transmission increases the risk for chronic hepatitis B. Infants from HBsAg-positive mothers should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination within 12 hours of birth, but this practice is not routinely done in Indonesia due to financial constraints.

Objectives To detennine the influence of Hep-B immunization on preventing Hepatitis B vertical transmission. Methods A descriptive cohort study was conducted from May 2009 - January 2010. Subjects were term infants born from HBsAg-positive mothers v.ith no history of HBIG administration. They had received complete hepatitis B immunization and 1 month after the last dose were evaluated for HBsAg and anti-HBs. Cord blood was also taken during labor to measure HBsAg.

Results There were 22 infants born from HBsAg-positive mother who met the inclusion criteria. HBsAgwas positive in 6 of22 cord blood specimens. There were 15 infants who completed this study. One of 15 infants had positive HBsAg after completed hepatitis B immunization and 12 of 15 infants had protective level of anti-HBs. Effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization to prevent vertical transmission in this study was 70-90%.

Conclusion Hepatitis B immunization can prevent vertical transmission of hepatitis B in infants born to mothers who are HBsAg-positive even without administration of HBIG.

References

1. Hou J, liu Z, Gu F. Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Med Sci. 2005 ;2:50-7.
2. Shepard Cw, Simard EP, Finelli L, Fiore AE, Bell BP. Hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology and vaccination. Epidemiol Rev. 2006;28,112-25.
3. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B: World Health Organization Fact Sheet 2004. Available from: http://www. whooint.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States. Recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part 1: Immunization of infants, children, and adolescents. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54.
5. Mahoney FJ. Update on diagnosis, management, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12:351-66.
6. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B vaccines. Available from, http,//www.who.int/wer/2009/wer8440.pdf.
7. World Health Organization. Preventing mother􀁭to􀁭child transmission of hepatitis B. Operational field guidelines for delivery of the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine. Available from: http://www.v,;pro.whooint/internet/resources.ashxIEPI! docslHepBlHepBBirth DoseFieldGuidelines.pdf.
8. Yazigi N, Balisteri WE Viral hepatitis. In: Kliegman RM, Behnnan RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BMD, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007. p. 1682-5.
9. Candotti D, Danso K, Allain JP. Maternofetal transmission of hepatitis B virus genotype E in Ghana, West Africa. J Gen Viro!. 2007;88:2695.
10. Chaudhary RK. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus. Can Med Assoc). 1983;128:664-6.
11. Hipgrave DB, Van NT, Huong VM, Long HT, Dat DT, Trung T N. Hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam and the implications for a national program of infant immunization. Am) Trop Med Hyg. 2003;69:288-94.
12. Lee C, Gong Y, Brok), Boxall EH, Gluud C. Effect of hepatitis B imunization in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br Med). 2006;332:328-36.
13. Lolekha S, Warachit B, Hirunyachote, Bowonkiratikachorn P, West DJ, Poerschke G. Protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine v,ithout HBIG in infants of HBeAg-positive carrier mothers in T hailand. Vaccine. 2002;20:3743.
14. Pungapong S, Kim R, Poterucha JJ. Natural history of hepatitis B virus infection: an update for clinicians. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82,975.
15. World Health Organization. Introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into childhood imunization services. Management guidelines, including infonnation for health workers and parents. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.whooint/hq/2001/ WHO _ V&B _ O1.31.pdf.
16. Lee AKY, Ip HMH, Wong VCW Mechanisms of maternaUetal transmission of hepatitis B virus. J Infect Dis. 1978; 138:668-71.
17. Wong VCw, Lee AKY,Ip HMH. Transmission of hepatitis B antigens from symptom free carrier mothers to the fetus and infant. Br) Obstet Gynaeco!. 1980;87:958-65.
18. Wiharta AS, Setiadi E, N oer HMS, Monintja HE, Rachimdadi T, Rasad A. HBsAg dalam tali pusat neonatus dari ibu dengan HBsAg positif. Proceeding of the 9th Child Health Congress (KONIKA), 1993 Jun 13-17; Semarang, Indonesia.
19. Bisanto J, Chair I, Istikowati D. Hepatitis B serologic patterns in children of HBV carriers or infected mothers. Paediatr Indones. 2004;44:176-80.
20. Roushan MRH, Pasha YZ. Revaccination of non-responding infants delivered by HBsAg-positive mothers. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005;24:434-5.
Published
2016-10-26
How to Cite
1.
Fitria L, Gunardi H, Akib A. Influence of Hepatitis B immunization to prevent vertical transmission of Hep-B virus in infants bam from Hep-B positive mother. PI [Internet]. 26Oct.2016 [cited 13Nov.2024];50(6):321-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/961
Received 2016-10-18
Accepted 2016-10-18
Published 2016-10-26