Human subjects and patient consent

Medical research involving human subjects must be conducted according to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol must be approved by the locally appointed ethics committee. The informed consent of patients or volunteers (or their guardians), in particular when there is identifying information, must be obtained. These facts must be indicated in the manuscript.

Animal experimentation

The journal aims for detailed and high-quality reporting of animal experiments and suggests authors follow the ARRIVE guidelines when preparing their manuscripts. Authors may be required to provide evidence that they obtained ethical and /or legal approval before conducting the research.

Publication decisions

The editors are responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The editors are guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

Fair play

An editor evaluates manuscripts for their intellectual content regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

Confidentiality

The editors and the editorial staff will not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript will not be used in an editor's research without the express written consent of the author.

Peer review process

All manuscripts submitted to Paediatrica Indonesiana (PI) will undergo an initial review by the Editor-in-Chief/Vice Editor. Some manuscripts will be returned to authors at this stage if they are deemed more appropriate for another journal, if the paper fails to meet submission requirements, or if they are deemed to have insufficient priority. Submissions that advance in the publication process will undergo a double-blind appropriate peer review by at least 2 reviewers. Authors' identifying information is removed from the manuscript presented to peer reviewers, and the names of the peer reviewers are not made known to the authors. Written comments from peer reviewers, when available, will be returned to authors with all refereed manuscripts. Reports for provisionally accepted papers will include a review by a language editor which authors will be required to follow when revising their manuscript. The final decision on the acceptance or rejection of a manuscript will be made by the Editor-in-Chief.

 For author(s)

1. There are manuscript processing fees (article submission fee and article processing fee).
2. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism are not allowed. Authors should declare that their works are free from any kind of plagiarism (already stated in the Author Form). In case plagiarised material is revealed in any of the published papers, the paper will be retracted and the Editorial Board will make a public notice to the readers.
3. Author(s) may not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently.
4. Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.
5. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.
6. Authorship should be based on the following criteria: (1) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; (2) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; (3) Final approval of the version to be published; (4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. For further information please refer to ICMJE recommendation.
7. A conflict of interest statement must be included in the manuscript before any "Acknowledgements" and "Funding Acknowledgment" sections and should summarize all aspects of any conflicts of interest included on the ICMJE form. If there is no conflict of interest, authors must include 'Conflict of Interest: none declared' in their manuscript.
8. All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.
9. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, the author should promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

 For editor(s)

1. Editors and publishers identify and prevent the publication of papers with research misconduct.
2. Editors and publishers will take appropriate measures to handle any cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct or plagiarism, in the form of prompt publication of an erratum, clarification, or retraction of the article. 

For reviewer(s)

1. The reviewer is responsible for providing respectful, constructive, and honest feedback to authors, as well as commenting the ethical questions and possible research and publication misconduct.
2. The reviewer needs to complete the “Reviewer’s Comments” form by the due date and make a recommendation (reject with an explanation in the report, accept without revision, revise major/minor). In case can not complete the work, the reviewer should notify the editor.
3. Reviewer should keep the manuscripts They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.
4. The reviewer assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.
5. Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.
6. Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
7. Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.
8. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

 Availability and accessibility of research

The publisher is committed to the permanent availability and preservation of scholarly research and ensures accessibility. The articles published in this journal are archived in the Public Knowledge Project Preservation Network (PKP PN) which is composed of 9 preservation nodes located around the world. For more details see: https://pkp.sfu.ca/pkp-lockss/. 

Advertising Policy

• All new advertisements will be reviewed before publication or electronic posting.
• Advertising or sponsorship should not influence editorial decisions.
• Online advertising or sponsorship should not impede users' access to editorial content.
• Advertising or sponsorship relating to tobacco products is not accepted.
• Advertisements for breast milk substitutes must comply with the World Health Organization's International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (for more information visit https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/code_english.pdf)
• Advertising and sponsorship are subject to editorial oversight. The editor-in-chief reserves the right to accept and reject advertising and sponsorship proposals. If a proposal is refused for reasons outside these guidelines, the editor-in-chief will explain.
• Advertisements are to be included in the print or online version, depending on request. 

Data sharing policy

We currently do not require authors to provide raw data or other artefacts supporting the results in the paper in a public repository. We may ask for access to such data, de-identified, if editors or peer reviewers deem it necessary to confirm results reported in a manuscript.

Informed consent policy

Written informed consent is mandatory for all studies involving human subjects. We require this information to be stated in a submitted manuscript. All identifiers (i.e. names, initials, date of birth, medical records) must be removed from patients’ data or information published in an article. The patient’s face must be blurred or his/her eyes covered with black bars.

The process for handling cases requiring corrections, retractions, and editorial expressions of concern

1. Corrections

Errors in published papers may be corrected in the form of an erratum (for a production error) or a corrigendum (for an author’s error). The erratum/corrigendum will appear as a new article in the journal and will cite the original published article.

2. Retractions

Retractions are considered and published when:

• Several errors invalidate the conclusions
• There is evidence of publication malpractice (i.e. plagiarism, duplicate publication, or unethical research).

Following COPE Guidelines, Paediatrica Indonesiana implements the following procedure for a confirmed retraction:

• Author submitted a retraction letter
• A retraction note titled “Retraction: [article title]” is published in subsequent issue, including a link to the original article
• The retraction note is listed in the contents list
• Retracted articles are not removed from the published literature but are marked as retracted, with a ‘retracted’ watermark on each page of the PDF.

3. Editorial expressions of concern

Journal editors may consider issuing an expression of concern where substantial doubt arises about the honesty/integrity of a submitted manuscript. Where concerns are irrefutably substantiated, the manuscript will be rejected. Where there is cause for argument, the author is notified of the concern and allowed to present evidence to refute such concerns.