AIDS in a three-year old girl
Keywords:
AIDS, three-year old girl
Abstract
The acquired immunodeficiency syndromein children was first recognized in 1982, one
year after the initial description in adults.
WHO estimates that 2 million children had
been infected with human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) by the year 2000. Pediatric AIDS threatens
child survival in developing countries. At the end
of 1999, 34.3 million individuals were estimated to
be infected globally, of which 1.3 million (3.8%)
were children below 15 years old. Until September
2005, no children with HIV AIDS in Indonesia was
found.
Approximately 80% of children acquired HIV-1
infection from vertical maternal transmission; the rest
are infected from contaminated blood products,
infected organs, breastfeeding, or sexual abuse.
Two general patterns of congenital infection are
recognized. Twenty percent of infected infants develop
early disease, while the rest progress slowly, developing
into AIDS in adolescents. The most successful
approach in the management of children with HIV
requires a multidisciplinary team approach.
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don: The Parthenon publishing group, 2000. p. 201-12.
2. Shah N. HIV Infection in infants & children: Clinical
manifestations. Indian Pediatr 2002;342:868-73.
3. Elmer K. Childhood HIV disease. e-Medicine [serial
online] 2003 May 20 [cited November 2, 2005; 18 screen].
Available from: URL: http//www.eMedicine.com.
4. Dhurat R, Manglani M, Sharma R, Shah NK. Clinical
spectrum of HIV infection. Indian Pediatr 2000;
37:831-6.
5. WHO/UNAIDS. Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV/
AIDS and sexually transmitted infections.2000 update.
World Health Organization, Geneva. [serial online]
2000 [cited November 7, 2005; 4screen] Available
from: URL: http//www.who.int/emc-hiv/fact-sheets.
6. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Ba-
sic statistics. MMWR 2005;113:733-9.
7. WHO/UNAIDS. Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV/
AIDS and sexually transmitted infections.2004 update.
World Health Organization, Geneva. [serial online]
2000 [cited November 7, 2005; 5 screen] Available
from: URL: http//www.who.int/emc-hiv/fact-sheets.
8. WHO /UNAIDS. AIDS epidemic update (Indonesia):
2004. Geneva. Joint United Nations Programme on
HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2002. World Health Organi-
zation, Geneva. [serial online] 2002 [cited November
8, 2005; 16 screen] Available from: URL: http//
www.who.int/emc-hiv/fact-sheets.
9. Hajjar SA. Human immunodeficiency virus, In: Elzouki
AY, Harfi HA, Nazer HM editors. Textbook of clinical
paediatrics. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams
Wilkins, 2001. p. 403-5.
10. American academy of paediatrics. Human Immuno-
deficiency Virus Infection.Red book [serial online]
2003 [cited November 10, 2005; 44 screen]. Report of
the committee on infectious disease. Available from:
URL: http://aapredbook.aappublications.org/cgi/con-
tent/full/2003/1/3.62.
11. Borkowsky W. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
In: Katz SL, Gershon AA, Hotez PJ, editors. Krugman’s
Infectious disease of children. 9th ed. St Louis: Mosby-
year book; 1998. p. 1-23.
12. Lodha R, Kabra SK. When to suspect HIV infection
in children?. Indian Pediatr 2000;37:831-6.
13. Dunn DT, Newell ML, Ades AE, Peckham CS. Risk of
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission
through breast milk. Lancet 1992;340:585-8.
14. Niehues T, Lyall H. Antiretroviral therapy in children
2005. HIV Medicine 2005. [serial online] 2005 [cited
November 20, 2005; 14 screen]. Available from: URL:
http://www.hivmedicine.com/textbook/ped.htm.
15. Merati TP. Gejala HIV/AIDS dan penanganannya. Pre-
sented at TRIGONUM SUDEMA III, Surabaya,
March 12-14, 2004.
16. WHO 2005 ART of HIV infection in infant and chil-
dren in RL setting. Revision October 2005. [serial online]
[cited November 10, 2005; 88 screen]. Available from:
URL: http//www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/
17. Working group on antiretroviral therapy and medical
management of HIV infected children, National Pe-
diatric and Family Resource Center (NPHRC), Health
Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and
National Institutes of Health (NIH). Guidelines for
the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infec-
tion, January 2004, [cited November 7, 2005; 24
screen]. Available from: URL: http://www.aidsinfo.
nih.gov/guidelines
18. Kimberlin DW. Antiviral therapy. In: Elzouki AY, Harfi
HA, Nazer HM, editors. Textbook of clinical paediat-
rics. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins,
2001. p. 297-42.
Published
2016-10-18
How to Cite
1.
Wati D, Arhana BN, Wati D, Merati T. AIDS in a three-year old girl. PI [Internet]. 18Oct.2016 [cited 8Jan.2025];46(6):281-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/958
Section
Case Report
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Received 2016-10-17
Accepted 2016-10-17
Published 2016-10-18
Accepted 2016-10-17
Published 2016-10-18
