Host factors related to pneumonia in children under 5 years of age

  • Wiharjo Hadisuwarno Airlangga University Medical School/Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia.
  • Retno Asih Setyoningrum Department of Child Health, Airlangga University Medical School/Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia.
  • Pirlina Umiastuti Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Airlangga University Medical School/Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/pi55.5.2015.248-51
Keywords: pneumonia, children, under five, host factors, case-control

Abstract

Background Pneumonia has been one of the serious problems for children under five in Indonesia. Imbalanced interactions among host factors, agents, and environments influence incidence of pneumonia. Objective To determine the risks of the host related to the incidence of pneumonia in children aged 3-59 months in Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital during 2011-2012. Methods This was a case control study on medical records of patients with respiratory infections in Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. We grouped patients with pneumonia as the case group and patients with other respiratory infections as the control group. The data were statistically processed to calculate odds ratios and P values. Results There were 326 subjects reviewed, 163 in the case group and 163 in the control group. Host factors that increased the risk of pneumonia were: low birth weight (OR=3.10; 95%CI 1.34 to 6.86), inadequate exclusive breastfeeding (OR=1.7; 95%CI 1.09 to 2.64), malnutrition (OR=3.44; 95%CI 2.12 to 5.58) and incomplete immunization in a certain period of age (OR=2.70; 95%CI 1.72 to 4.24). Existed comorbidity was unrelated to the incidence of pneumonia (OR=1.53; 95%CI 0.86 to 2.71). Conclusion Low birth weight, inadequate exclusive breastfeeding, malnutrition, and incomplete immunization in a certain period of age increase the risk of pneumonia.

References

The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)/World Health Organization (WHO). Pneumonia: the forgotten killer of children. Geneva: WHO; 2006. p.10.

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Riset kesehatan dasar (riskerdas): laporan nasional 2007. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2008. p. vii.

Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Profil kesehatan provinsi jawa timur 2010. Surabaya: Dinkes Provisin Jawa Timur; 2011. p.19.

Lwanga SK, Lemeshow S. Sample size determination in health studies: a practical manual. Geneva: WHO; 1991. p.9-10.

Hariyanti I. Hubungan imunisasi campak dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita usia 12-59 bulan di rumah sakit islam pondok kopi jakarta tahun 2010. [thesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia; 2010.

Jackson S, Mathews KH, M. Pulanic D, Falconer R, Rudan I, Campbell H, Nair H. Risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Croat Med J. 2013;54:110-21. DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2013.54.

Alderman H. Sheekar M. Nutrition food security and health consequences of undernutrition. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Geme JW St, Schor NF, Behrman RE, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Sauders; 2011. p.173.

Boccolini CS, Carvalho ML De, Oliveira MIC De, Boccolini Pde M. Breastfeeding can prevent hospitalization for pneumonia among children under 1 year old. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87:399-404. DOI: 10.2223/JPED.2136.

Steller N, Bhatia J, Parish A, Stallings VA. Feeding healthy infants, children and adolescents. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Geme JW St, Schor NF, Behrman RE, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Sauders; 2011. P.160-1.

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Riset kesehatan dasar (riskesdas) 2013. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2013. p.211.

Onyango D, Kikuvi G, Amukoye E, Omolo J. Risk factors of severe pneumonia among children aged 2-59 months in western Kenya: a case control study. Pan Afr. Med. J. 2012;13:45.

Uddin KMF, Jahan N, Mannan MA, Ferdousi SA, Farhana T, Akhter S, et al. Risk factors determining the outcome of 2-12 months age group infants hospitalized with severe pneumonia. Med. Today. 2013;25:9-13.

Setyoningrum RA, Setiawati L. Profile of community acquired pneumonia in children at Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in 2007-2008. Ind. J. of Trop. and Infect. Dis. 2011;2:12-4.

Published
2015-10-01
How to Cite
1.
Hadisuwarno W, Setyoningrum R, Umiastuti P. Host factors related to pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. PI [Internet]. 1Oct.2015 [cited 25Apr.2024];55(5):248-1. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/44
Issue
Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015
Section
Articles

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Received 2016-02-01
Accepted 2016-02-01
Published 2015-10-01