Influence of educative game instrument on children's motor development in child day care
Keywords:
educative game instrument, child day care center, Denver-II developmental screening test, Cronbach's motor skills scale
Abstract
Background Child day care center is an institution functioning tohelp families to fulfil their child's need by providing stimulation with
educative game instrument (EGI) while they work outside home.
Objectives To evaluate motor development of children at child day
care center with EGI stimulation compared with that of children
without stimulation.
Methods An experimental study using pretest-posttest control group
design was cartied out on children aged 2 to 5 years old, at Islamic Center
Day Care Center (without EGI) and Tanah-Besi Day Care Center in
Tebing Tinggi (with EGI for six months). Inclusion criteria: healthy,
well-nourished children aged 2 to 5 years with informed consent, no
developmental delay (confirmed by Denver-II developmental screening
test). Exclusion criteria: pre term birth children. Forty subjects were
selected by means of simple random sampling. Research data were
taken with Cronbach's motor skills scale. Subjects consisted of 3 to 4
years old children, mostly four years old.
Results Motor skills scores (mean; SD) of the Islamic Center
Day Care Center group and Tanah-Besi Day Care Center group
before stimulation were 104.9; 10.37 and 104.7; 5.47 (P=0.923),
respectively, and after stimulation 105.2; 9.56 and 135.3; 7.67 (P<
0.001), respectively. Motor skills scores (mean; SD) of Tanah-Besi
Day Care Center group before and after stimulation were 104.7; 5.4 7
and 135.3; 7.67 (P< 0.001) respectively. Motor skill dimensions score
(mean; SD) ofTanah-Besi Day Care Center group before and after
stimulation: speed 28.9; 1.75 and 38.8; 2.79, stability 22.3; 1.02 and
30.6; 1.57, accuracy 20.3; 1.15 and 26.7; 1.63, strength 33.3; 1.55
and 39.1; 1.68, respectively with P< 0.001.
Conclusions There is a significant difference in motor skills
scores and motor skill dimensions of children who receive EGI
stimulation compared to those who do not.
References
1. Santrock JW. Socioemotional development in early
childhood. In: Santrock JW, editors. Life-span development.
7th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc, 1999; p. 229-30.
2. Harvey E. Short-term and long-term effects of early parental
employment on children of the national longitudinal survey
of youth. J Appl Psycho!. 1999;35(2):445-59.
3. Direktorat Jenderal Pelayanan dan Rehabilitasi Sosial, Di-
rektorat Bina Pelayanan Sosial Anak, Departemen Sosial
RI. Pola Pelayanan Sosial Anak Balita. Jakarta: Departemen
Sosial RI, 2002; p. 1-3.
4. Direktorat Jenderal Rehabilitasi Sosial, Direktorat Bina
Pelayanan Sosial Anak, Departemen Sosial RI. Profil taman
penitipan anak dan kelompok bermain. Jakarta: Departemen
Sosial RI, 2003; p. 2-4.
5. Tanuwidjaya S. Kebutuhan dasar tumbuh kembang anak. In:
Narendra MB, Sularyo TS, Soetjiningsih, Suyitno H, GDE
Ranuh IGN, editors. Buku Ajar I, Tumbuh kembang anak dan
remaja. 1st edition, Jakarta: Sagung Seta, 2002; p. 13-9.
6. Hughes FP, Nappe LD. Play, work and creativity. In: Hughes
FP, editor. Human development across the life span. 1st
edition. St Paul: West Pub Co, 1985; p. 543-71.
7. Pulaski MAS. Imitation and play. In: Pulaski MAS, editor.
Understanding Piaget; an introduction to children's cognitive
development; Rev-edition. New York: Harper and Row, 1980;
p. 78-83.
8. Needlman RD. Growth and development. In: Behrman
RE, Kligman RM, Jesson HB, editors. Nelson textbook of
pediatrics. 17th edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004;
p. 23-65.
9. Soetjiningsih. Perkembangan anak dan permasalahannya. In:
Narendra MB, Sularyo TS, Soetjiningsih, Suyitno H, GDE
Ranuh IGN, editors. Buku Ajar I: Tumbuh kembang anak dan
remaja. 1st edition. Jakarta: Sagung Seta, 2002; p. 83-8.
10. Goodway JD, Branta CF. Influence of a motor skill interven-
tion on fundamental motor skill development of disadvan-
taged preschool children. J RQES. 2003;74:36-46.
11. Hurlock EB. Perkembangan Motorik. In: Hurlock EB, editor.
Perkembangan anak. 6th edition. England: McGraw Hill,
1978; p. 150-71.
12. Tanuwidjaya S. Konsep Umum Tumbuh dan Kembang. In:
Narendra MB, Sularso TS, Soetjiningsih, Suyitno H, Ranuh
Gde IGN, editors. Buku Ajar I, Tumbuh kembang anak dan
remaja. 1st edition. Jakarta: Sagung Seta, 2002; p. 7-11.
13. Soetjiningsih. Bermain dan alat permainan anak. In: Soet-
jiningsih, Gde Ranuh IGN, editors. Tumbuh kembang anak.
1st ed. Jakarta: Buku kedokteran EGC, 1995; p. 105-14.
14. Soedjatmiko. Peranan taman penitipan anak dalam upaya
pembinaan tumbuh kembang anak. In: Titi SS, Dahlan AM,
Hartono G, editors. Deteksi dini penyimpangan tumbuh
kembang anak dalam upaya optimalisasi kualitas sumber daya
man usia: Pendidikan kedokteran berkelanjutan ilmu kesehatan
anak XXXVII. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI, 1996; p.215-37.
15. 2000 CDC Growth Charts For The United States: Methods
and development vital and health statistic 2002.
16. Supariasa ION, Bakri B, Fajar I. Penilaian Status Gizi; 1st Edition.
Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2001; p. 26-85.
17. Frankenburg WK, Dodds J, Archer P. Denver II training
manual. Denver Developmental Materials, 1990; p. 1-16.
18. Azwar S. Pengujian Reliabilitas. In: Azwar S, editor. Penyu-
sunan skala psikologi. 1 stedition. Yogyakarta: Pus taka Pelajar,
2004; p. 83-97.
19. Mueller OJ. Skala sikap Iikert. In: Mueller OJ, editor. Men-
gukur sikap sosial pegangan untuk peneliti & praktisi. 2nd
ed. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 1996; p. 11-39.
20. Anastasi A, Urbina S. Koefisien Korelasi, 7e. In: Anastasi
A, editor. Tes psikologi; 7e.l st edition. Yogyakarta: PT.
Prenhallindo, 1998; p. 64-6.
21. Ancok D. Teknik penyusunan skala pengukuran, seri me-
todologi no. 9. 8th edition. Yogyakarta: Pusat Penelitian
Kependudukan Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1995; p. 27-37.
22. King FS, Burgerss A. Nutrition for developing countries. 2nd
edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994; p. 166-7.
23. Greg D, Jeanne B, Kato KP. Economic deprivation and early
childhood development. J Child Dev. 1994;65:296-319.
24. Santrock JW. Perkembangan fisik dan kognitif pada masa
anak-anak. In: Santrock JW, editor. Perkembangan masa
hidup. 5th edition. Jakarta: Erlangga, 1995; p. 222-52.
25. Garey AL, Arendel T. Children, work and family; some
thinghts on "mother blame". 1st edition. Berkeley: Center,
1999; p. 1-3.
26. Santrock JW. Ilmu perkembangan masa hid up. In: Santrock
JW, editor. Perkembangan Masa Hid up. 5th Edition. Jakarta:
Erlangga, 1995; p. 44-5.
27. Bauman LJ, Stein REK. Changing concepts of the family.
In: Rudolph AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD, editors.
Rudolph's Pediatrics. 20th edition. California: Prentice Hall
International Inc., 1996; p. 178-83.
28. Sherwood DE, Lee TO. Schema Theory: critical review and
implications for the role of cognition in a new theory of motor
learning. J RQES. 2003;74:376-82.
29. Tedjawaputra MS. Bermain, mainan dan permainan- untuk
pendidikan usia dini. 1st Edition. Jakarta: PT Grasindo, 2001;
p. 81-7.
30. Barrow IM, Holbert D, Rastatter MP. Effect of colour on
developmental picture-vocabulary naming of4-,6-, and 8- year
old children. AM J Speech Lang Pathol. 2003;9:310-8.
31. Newell KM. Schema theory (1975); retrospective and
prospective. J RQES. 2003;74:383-8.
32. Cronbach LJ. Skills. In: Cronbach LJ, editor. Educational
psychology. 2nd edition. New York: Harcout, Brace & World
Inc., 1963; p. 270-313.
33. Thomas JR, Yan JH, Stelmach GE. Practice resulted in a
greater portion of motor programming control. J Sport Exerc
Psycho!. 1998;20: 115.
34. Thomas JR. Children's control, learning and performance of
motor skills. J RQES. 2000;71:1-9.
35. Elliot D, Hansen S, Mendoza J, Tremblay L. Learning
to optimize speed, accuracy, and energy expenditure: a
framework for understanding speed-accuracy relations in
goal-directed aiming. J Mot Behav. 2004;36:339-51.
childhood. In: Santrock JW, editors. Life-span development.
7th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc, 1999; p. 229-30.
2. Harvey E. Short-term and long-term effects of early parental
employment on children of the national longitudinal survey
of youth. J Appl Psycho!. 1999;35(2):445-59.
3. Direktorat Jenderal Pelayanan dan Rehabilitasi Sosial, Di-
rektorat Bina Pelayanan Sosial Anak, Departemen Sosial
RI. Pola Pelayanan Sosial Anak Balita. Jakarta: Departemen
Sosial RI, 2002; p. 1-3.
4. Direktorat Jenderal Rehabilitasi Sosial, Direktorat Bina
Pelayanan Sosial Anak, Departemen Sosial RI. Profil taman
penitipan anak dan kelompok bermain. Jakarta: Departemen
Sosial RI, 2003; p. 2-4.
5. Tanuwidjaya S. Kebutuhan dasar tumbuh kembang anak. In:
Narendra MB, Sularyo TS, Soetjiningsih, Suyitno H, GDE
Ranuh IGN, editors. Buku Ajar I, Tumbuh kembang anak dan
remaja. 1st edition, Jakarta: Sagung Seta, 2002; p. 13-9.
6. Hughes FP, Nappe LD. Play, work and creativity. In: Hughes
FP, editor. Human development across the life span. 1st
edition. St Paul: West Pub Co, 1985; p. 543-71.
7. Pulaski MAS. Imitation and play. In: Pulaski MAS, editor.
Understanding Piaget; an introduction to children's cognitive
development; Rev-edition. New York: Harper and Row, 1980;
p. 78-83.
8. Needlman RD. Growth and development. In: Behrman
RE, Kligman RM, Jesson HB, editors. Nelson textbook of
pediatrics. 17th edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004;
p. 23-65.
9. Soetjiningsih. Perkembangan anak dan permasalahannya. In:
Narendra MB, Sularyo TS, Soetjiningsih, Suyitno H, GDE
Ranuh IGN, editors. Buku Ajar I: Tumbuh kembang anak dan
remaja. 1st edition. Jakarta: Sagung Seta, 2002; p. 83-8.
10. Goodway JD, Branta CF. Influence of a motor skill interven-
tion on fundamental motor skill development of disadvan-
taged preschool children. J RQES. 2003;74:36-46.
11. Hurlock EB. Perkembangan Motorik. In: Hurlock EB, editor.
Perkembangan anak. 6th edition. England: McGraw Hill,
1978; p. 150-71.
12. Tanuwidjaya S. Konsep Umum Tumbuh dan Kembang. In:
Narendra MB, Sularso TS, Soetjiningsih, Suyitno H, Ranuh
Gde IGN, editors. Buku Ajar I, Tumbuh kembang anak dan
remaja. 1st edition. Jakarta: Sagung Seta, 2002; p. 7-11.
13. Soetjiningsih. Bermain dan alat permainan anak. In: Soet-
jiningsih, Gde Ranuh IGN, editors. Tumbuh kembang anak.
1st ed. Jakarta: Buku kedokteran EGC, 1995; p. 105-14.
14. Soedjatmiko. Peranan taman penitipan anak dalam upaya
pembinaan tumbuh kembang anak. In: Titi SS, Dahlan AM,
Hartono G, editors. Deteksi dini penyimpangan tumbuh
kembang anak dalam upaya optimalisasi kualitas sumber daya
man usia: Pendidikan kedokteran berkelanjutan ilmu kesehatan
anak XXXVII. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI, 1996; p.215-37.
15. 2000 CDC Growth Charts For The United States: Methods
and development vital and health statistic 2002.
16. Supariasa ION, Bakri B, Fajar I. Penilaian Status Gizi; 1st Edition.
Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2001; p. 26-85.
17. Frankenburg WK, Dodds J, Archer P. Denver II training
manual. Denver Developmental Materials, 1990; p. 1-16.
18. Azwar S. Pengujian Reliabilitas. In: Azwar S, editor. Penyu-
sunan skala psikologi. 1 stedition. Yogyakarta: Pus taka Pelajar,
2004; p. 83-97.
19. Mueller OJ. Skala sikap Iikert. In: Mueller OJ, editor. Men-
gukur sikap sosial pegangan untuk peneliti & praktisi. 2nd
ed. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 1996; p. 11-39.
20. Anastasi A, Urbina S. Koefisien Korelasi, 7e. In: Anastasi
A, editor. Tes psikologi; 7e.l st edition. Yogyakarta: PT.
Prenhallindo, 1998; p. 64-6.
21. Ancok D. Teknik penyusunan skala pengukuran, seri me-
todologi no. 9. 8th edition. Yogyakarta: Pusat Penelitian
Kependudukan Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1995; p. 27-37.
22. King FS, Burgerss A. Nutrition for developing countries. 2nd
edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994; p. 166-7.
23. Greg D, Jeanne B, Kato KP. Economic deprivation and early
childhood development. J Child Dev. 1994;65:296-319.
24. Santrock JW. Perkembangan fisik dan kognitif pada masa
anak-anak. In: Santrock JW, editor. Perkembangan masa
hidup. 5th edition. Jakarta: Erlangga, 1995; p. 222-52.
25. Garey AL, Arendel T. Children, work and family; some
thinghts on "mother blame". 1st edition. Berkeley: Center,
1999; p. 1-3.
26. Santrock JW. Ilmu perkembangan masa hid up. In: Santrock
JW, editor. Perkembangan Masa Hid up. 5th Edition. Jakarta:
Erlangga, 1995; p. 44-5.
27. Bauman LJ, Stein REK. Changing concepts of the family.
In: Rudolph AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD, editors.
Rudolph's Pediatrics. 20th edition. California: Prentice Hall
International Inc., 1996; p. 178-83.
28. Sherwood DE, Lee TO. Schema Theory: critical review and
implications for the role of cognition in a new theory of motor
learning. J RQES. 2003;74:376-82.
29. Tedjawaputra MS. Bermain, mainan dan permainan- untuk
pendidikan usia dini. 1st Edition. Jakarta: PT Grasindo, 2001;
p. 81-7.
30. Barrow IM, Holbert D, Rastatter MP. Effect of colour on
developmental picture-vocabulary naming of4-,6-, and 8- year
old children. AM J Speech Lang Pathol. 2003;9:310-8.
31. Newell KM. Schema theory (1975); retrospective and
prospective. J RQES. 2003;74:383-8.
32. Cronbach LJ. Skills. In: Cronbach LJ, editor. Educational
psychology. 2nd edition. New York: Harcout, Brace & World
Inc., 1963; p. 270-313.
33. Thomas JR, Yan JH, Stelmach GE. Practice resulted in a
greater portion of motor programming control. J Sport Exerc
Psycho!. 1998;20: 115.
34. Thomas JR. Children's control, learning and performance of
motor skills. J RQES. 2000;71:1-9.
35. Elliot D, Hansen S, Mendoza J, Tremblay L. Learning
to optimize speed, accuracy, and energy expenditure: a
framework for understanding speed-accuracy relations in
goal-directed aiming. J Mot Behav. 2004;36:339-51.
Published
2016-09-15
How to Cite
1.
Sari L, Sofyani S, Saing B, Lubis I. Influence of educative game instrument on children’s motor development in child day care. PI [Internet]. 15Sep.2016 [cited 25Apr.2024];48(6):315-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/620
Section
Articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Received 2016-09-14
Accepted 2016-09-14
Published 2016-09-15
Accepted 2016-09-14
Published 2016-09-15
