Relationship between fat distribution ratio and blood pressure in obese adolescents
Keywords:
obesity, systole, central fat, peripheral fat
Abstract
Background The incidence of obesity in big cities increasessignificantly. The association between obesity and increased risk
of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in adults has been
known but less information is available in adolescents. Similarly,
the relationship between body-fat distribution and cardiovascular
diseases in adolescents is less clear tha that in adults.
Objective This study aimed to determine the association between
body fat distribution and increased blood pressure in obese
adolescents in Bandung.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to
August 2006. Subjects were students aged 15-18 years at high
schools in Bandung with body mass index (BMI) measured using
CDC chart 2000 (> P95) and increased blood pressure (> P90)
depended on age and gender according to National High Blood
Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood
Pressure in Children and Adolescents 2004. Waist-to-hip ratio
(central fat), and subscapula skinfold-to-triceps skinfold ratio
(peripheral fat) were used to measure fat distribution. Correlation
between body fat distribution and blood pressure was analyzed
using Pearson correlation statistical test.
Results Out of 3170 adolescents examined, 34 obese adolescent
girls and 43 obese adolescent boys had increased blood pressure.
Correlation between waist-to-hip ratio and systole blood pressure
in boys showed by r=0.495; P=0.003 and girls showed r=0.494;
P=O.OOl. Correlation between subscapula skinfold-to-triceps
skinfold ratio in boys showed r=0.289; P=0.097 and girls showed
by r=0.248; P=0.109.
Conclusion Central fat is moderately correlated with increased
blood pressure in obese adolescents.
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Ethnics isssue in the epidemiology of childhood obesity.
In: Styne OM, editor. Childhood and adolescent obesity,
The pediatric clinics of North America. Philadelphia: WB
Saunders; 2001. p. 855-78.
2. Odgen CL, Flegal KM, Caroll MD, Johnson CL. Prevalence
and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents.
JAMA 2002;288: 1728-32.
3. American Obesity Association. Obesity in youth (Cited 2005
Aud 15) Available from: http: //www.obesity.org/subs/fastfacts/
aoafactsheets.shtm.
4. Brown AF, Kahwati LC. Prevention and treatment of over-
weight in children and adolescents. AFP 2004;69:2591-8.
5. Centers for disease control and Prevention. "Prevalence of
overweight among children and adolescents: United States,
1999-2000. National Center for Health Statistics (Cited 2005
Sept 10) Available from: http: //www.cdc.gov/nchs / products/
pubs/pubd/hestats/overwght99 .shtm.
6. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan
Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Data Kesehatan; 1999.
7. Eickel RH. Insulin resistance: an adaptation for weight
maintenance. Lancet 1992;340: 1452-3.
8. Weaver KA, Piatek A. Childhood obesity. In: Sanour PQ,
Helm KK, Lang CE, penyunting. Handbook of pediatric
nutrition. Second Edition. Maryland: Aspen publication-
Gaithersburg; 1999. p. 173-88.
9. Freedman OS, Dietz WT, Srinivasan SR, Berenson G.S.
The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors
among children and adolescents: the Bogalusa heart study
adolescents. Pediatrics 1999; 103:175-82.
10. Bertsias G, Mammas I, Linardakis M, Kafatos A. Overweight
and obesity in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors
among medical students in crete, greece, BMC Public
Health. 2003;3. (Cited 2005 August 15). Available from:
http: //www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/3/3/prepub.
11. Brown AF, Kahwati LC. Prevention and treatment of
overweight in children and adolescents. AFP 2004;69:
2591-8.
12. Baron RB. Nutrition. In: Tierney JR, McPhee SJ, Papadakis
MA, Editor. Current medical diagnosis and treatment. 34th
Ed. San Fransisco: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill;
2004. p. 1215-7.
13. Caprio S, Hyman LD, McCarthy S, Lange R, Bronson
M, Tamborlane WV. Fat distribution and cardiovascular
risk factors in obese adolescent girls: importance of the
intraabdominal fat depot. Am J Clin N utr 1996;64: 12-7.
14. Maffeis C, Pietrobelli A, Grezzani A, Provera S, Tato L. Waist
circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal
children. Obesity Research 2001;9: 179-87.
15. McCarthy HD, Ellis SM, Cole TJ. Central overweight and
obesity in British youth aged 11-16 years: cross sectional
surveys of waist circumference. BMJ 2003;326:624.
16. Lee RD, Nieman DC. Nutritional assessment. 2nd Ed.
Massechusetts: Me Graw-Hill; 1996.
17. Plourde G. Impact of obesity on glucose and lipid profiles in
adolescents at different age groups in relation to adulthood.
BMC Family Practice 2002;3: 18.
18. Dietz WH, Robinson TN. Assessment and treatment of
childhood obesity. Ped Rev 1993;114:337-44.
19. Krauss RM, Winston M, Fletcher BJ, Grundy SM. Obesity
impact on cardiovascular disease. Circulation 1998;98:
1472-6.
20. Davy KP. Obesity and hypertension:two epidemics or one?.
Available from: http: //www.the-aps.org/
21. Goran MI, Gower BA. Relation between visceral fat and
disease risk in children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr
1999; 70: 149S-56.
22. Teixeira PJ, Sardinha LB, Going SB, Lohman TG. Total and
regional fat and serum cardiovascular disease risk factors in
lean and obese children and adolescents. Obesity Research
2001;9:432-42.
23. Arner P. Obesity and the adipocyte: regional adipocity in
man.J Endocrinol1997;55:191-2.
24. Flier JS, Foster OW. Eating disorders: obesity, anorexia
nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. In: Wilson JD, Foster DW,
Kronenberg HM, Larsen PR, editors. Williams texbook of
endocrinology. 9th Edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB
Saunders Co; 1998. p. 1061-83.
Published
2016-09-15
How to Cite
1.
Marina H, Hilmanto D, Djais J. Relationship between fat distribution ratio and blood pressure in obese adolescents. PI [Internet]. 15Sep.2016 [cited 20Apr.2024];48(5):274-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/595
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Received 2016-09-11
Accepted 2016-09-11
Published 2016-09-15
Accepted 2016-09-11
Published 2016-09-15
