Risk factors of bronchiolitis
Keywords:
bronchiolitis, risk factors, children
Abstract
Background Bronchiolitis peak incidence is in children aged 2 -6months. History of atopy in parents, non-exclusive breastfeeding,
exposure to cigarette smoke, and infants living in crowded areas
may be risk factors for bronchiolitis. Gestational of age at birth is
also influences the mortality oflower respiratory tract infection.
Objective To evaluate the following conditions as possible
risk factors for bronchiolitis: history of atopy, non-exclusive
breastfeeding, preterm infants, exposure to cigarette smoke, and
2:: 6 persons residing in the home.
Methods A sex-matched case-control study was conducted
by collecting data from medical records at Sanglah Hospital,
Denpasar. The case group subjects met the diagnostic criteria
for bronchiolitis and were aged 1-24 months. The control group
included patients with diagnoses unrelated to the respiratory
system. Data was analyzed using bivariate (Mc.N emar) and
multivariate methods (logistic regression) with 95% confidence
intervals and statistical significance value of P <0 .05.
Results There were 96 subjects in our study, consisted of 48
subjects in the case group and 48 in the control group. The
case and control groups were similar in baseline characteristics.
The presence of history of atopy (OR 34.7; 95%CI 3 to 367,
P=0.003), non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR 4.3; 95%CI 1.4 to
13, P=0.010), exposure to cigarette smoke (OR 3; 95%CI 1 to
9.2, P=0.047), and 2:: 6 persons living in the home (OR 7.9;
95%CI 2.6 to 24, P<0.0001) were found to be significant risk
factors for bronchiolitis, while the preterm infants seem not
significant as a risk factor of bronchiolitis (OR3; 95%CI 0.31 to
78.99, P=0.625).
Conclusion History of atopy, non-exclusive breastfeeding,
exposure to cigarette smoke, and 2:: 6 persons living in the home
are found to be risk factors, while preterm infants seem not a risk
factor for bronchiolitis.
References
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bronchiolitis is affected by cigarette smoke exposure and
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Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan bronkiolitis akut.
Sari Pediatri. 2009;10:392-6.
7. Chandran L, Gelfer P. Breastfeeding: the essential principles.
Pediatr Rev. 2006;27:409-17.
8. Domelles CTL, Piva JP, Paulo JC, Marostica PJC. Nutritional
status, breastfeeding, and evolution of infants with acute
viral bronchiolitis. J Health Popul Nu tr. 2007;25 :336-43.
9. Nafstad P, Jaakkola JJK, Hagen JA, Botten G, Kongerud J.
Breastfeeding, maternal smoking and lower respiratory tract
infections. Eur Respir J. 1996;9:2623-9.
10. Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Martinez FD, Ray CG, Taussing LM,
Lebowitz MD. Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory illnesses in the first year of life.
Am J Epidemiol. 1991; 133: 1135-51.
11. Hawamdeh A, Kasasbeh FA, Ahmad MA. Effects of passive
smoking on children's health: a review. East Mediterr Health
]. 2003;9:441-7.
12. Castro SM, Chakraborty K, Guerrero-Plata A Cigarette smoke
suppresses TIR-7 & stimulation in response to virus infection in
plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011;25: 1106-13.
13. Simoes EAF. Maternal smoking, asthma, and bronchiolitis:
clear-cut association or equivocal evidence? Pediatrics.
2007;119:1210-2.
14. Carroll KN, Gebretsadik T, Mitchel EF, Wu P, Enriquez R,
Hartert TV Maternal asthma and maternal smoking are
associated with increased risk ofbronchiohtis during infancy.
Pediatrics. 2007; 119:1104-12.
15. Bulkow LR, Singleton RJ, Karron RA, Harrison LH. Risk
factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among
Alaska native children. Pediatrics. 2002;109:210-6.
16. Duff AL, Pomeranz ES, Hayden FG, Platts-Mills TAE,
Heymann PW. Risk factors for acute wheezing in infants
and children: viruses, passive smoke, and Ig-E antibodies to
inhalant allergens. Pediatrics. 1993;92:535-40.
17. Weber MW, Milligan P, Hilton S, Lahai G, Whittle A,
Mulholland EK, et al. Risk factors for severe respiratory
synctial virus infection leading to hospital admission on
children in the Western region of the Gambia. Int J Epidemiol.
1999;28:157-62.
18. Resch B, Paes B. Are late preterm infants as susceptible
to RSV infection as full term infants? J Early Hum Dev.
2011;87:47-9.
19. Tantilllporn P, Auewarakul P. Airway allergy and viral
infection. Asian PacJ Allergy Immunol. 2011;29:113-9.
R, Storch G, et al. Severity of respiratory syncytial virus
bronchiolitis is affected by cigarette smoke exposure and
atopy. Pediatrics. 2005;115:7-14.
2. Welliver RC. Bronchiolitis and infectious asthma. In: Fletcher
J, Dudlick M, editors. Pediatrics infectious disease textbook.
4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004. p. 273-82.
3. Tristram DA, Welliver RC. Bronchiolitis. In: Long SS,
Pickering LK, Prober CG, editors. Principle and practice of
pediatric infectious disease. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill
Livingstone; 2002. p. 217-26.
4. Wohl MEB. Bronchiolitis. In: Hummel T, Davis KJ, editors.
Disorders of the respiratory tract in children. ]th ed.
Philadelphia: Saunders; 2006. p. 423-9.
5. Flores P, Andrade HR, Carvalho C, Sousa EN, Noronha FT,
Palminha JM. Bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus
in an area of Portugal: epidemiology, clinical features, and risk
factors. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004;23:39-45.
6. Subanada IB, Setyanto DB, Supriyanto B, Boediman I.
Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan bronkiolitis akut.
Sari Pediatri. 2009;10:392-6.
7. Chandran L, Gelfer P. Breastfeeding: the essential principles.
Pediatr Rev. 2006;27:409-17.
8. Domelles CTL, Piva JP, Paulo JC, Marostica PJC. Nutritional
status, breastfeeding, and evolution of infants with acute
viral bronchiolitis. J Health Popul Nu tr. 2007;25 :336-43.
9. Nafstad P, Jaakkola JJK, Hagen JA, Botten G, Kongerud J.
Breastfeeding, maternal smoking and lower respiratory tract
infections. Eur Respir J. 1996;9:2623-9.
10. Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Martinez FD, Ray CG, Taussing LM,
Lebowitz MD. Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory illnesses in the first year of life.
Am J Epidemiol. 1991; 133: 1135-51.
11. Hawamdeh A, Kasasbeh FA, Ahmad MA. Effects of passive
smoking on children's health: a review. East Mediterr Health
]. 2003;9:441-7.
12. Castro SM, Chakraborty K, Guerrero-Plata A Cigarette smoke
suppresses TIR-7 & stimulation in response to virus infection in
plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011;25: 1106-13.
13. Simoes EAF. Maternal smoking, asthma, and bronchiolitis:
clear-cut association or equivocal evidence? Pediatrics.
2007;119:1210-2.
14. Carroll KN, Gebretsadik T, Mitchel EF, Wu P, Enriquez R,
Hartert TV Maternal asthma and maternal smoking are
associated with increased risk ofbronchiohtis during infancy.
Pediatrics. 2007; 119:1104-12.
15. Bulkow LR, Singleton RJ, Karron RA, Harrison LH. Risk
factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among
Alaska native children. Pediatrics. 2002;109:210-6.
16. Duff AL, Pomeranz ES, Hayden FG, Platts-Mills TAE,
Heymann PW. Risk factors for acute wheezing in infants
and children: viruses, passive smoke, and Ig-E antibodies to
inhalant allergens. Pediatrics. 1993;92:535-40.
17. Weber MW, Milligan P, Hilton S, Lahai G, Whittle A,
Mulholland EK, et al. Risk factors for severe respiratory
synctial virus infection leading to hospital admission on
children in the Western region of the Gambia. Int J Epidemiol.
1999;28:157-62.
18. Resch B, Paes B. Are late preterm infants as susceptible
to RSV infection as full term infants? J Early Hum Dev.
2011;87:47-9.
19. Tantilllporn P, Auewarakul P. Airway allergy and viral
infection. Asian PacJ Allergy Immunol. 2011;29:113-9.
Published
2013-02-28
How to Cite
1.
Indrawan IG, Subanada I, Triasih R. Risk factors of bronchiolitis. PI [Internet]. 28Feb.2013 [cited 27Apr.2024];53(1):21-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/241
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Received 2016-08-18
Accepted 2016-08-18
Published 2013-02-28
Accepted 2016-08-18
Published 2013-02-28
