The role of hearing capability test as a screening test for the possibility of hearing disorder in children with speech delay
Keywords:
hearing capability test, otoacustic emission, brainstem evoked response audiometry
Abstract
Background Hearing disorder may cause speech delay so thatevery child with speech delay should undergo hearing test. The
gold standard for audiometric test is otoacustic emission (OAE)
and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA). They have
high sensitivity and specificity, but the availability is limited and
expensive. Hence, both tests are not available at the primary health
care centers. In 1997, the Department of Health, Republic of Indo-
nesia, established a simple subjective test instrument, i.e. the hear-
ing capability test (HCT).
Objective To asses the accuracy of HCT compared to the gold
standard hearing tests (OAE and/or BERA).
Methods This study was a cross sectional study on 89 children
aged less than 5 years who had speech delay and came to the
Growth and Development Outpatient Clinic or the General Outpa-
tient Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Clinic of the Department of Child
Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo (CM) Hospital; and Center for Ear
Care and Communicative Disorders (CECCD), Department of ENT,
CM Hospital, during March to August 2005.
Results HCT sensitivity and specificity were 92.9% and 27.7%,
respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive
value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likehood
ratio (NLR) were 84%, 50%, 1.9, and 0.7, respectively.
Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of HCT as a screening
test of hearing disorder in children with speech delay were 93%
and 28%, respectively. Based on this result, HCT should only be
used as screening test and not as a diagnostic test
References
1. Kelly DP. Neurodevelopmental dysfunction in the
school aged child. In: Berhman RE, Kliegman RM,
Jenson HB, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 17th
edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004. p. 100-7.
2. Kenna MA. Neonatal hearing screening. Pediatr Clin
North Am 2003;50:301-13.
3. Sokol J, Hyde M. Hearing screening. Pediatric in re-
view 2002;23:155-62.
4. Sirlan F, Suwento R. Hasil survei kesehatan indera
penglihatan dan pendengaran 1993-1996. Depkes RI, 1998.
5. Leung AKC, Pion Kao C. Evaluation and management
of child with speech delay. American Family Physician
1999;59:3121-8;3135.
6. Kelly DP, Sally JI. Disorders of speech and language.
In: Carey WB, Crocker AC, editor. Developmental
behavioral pediatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders,
1999. p. 621-31.
7. Suwento R. Anak belum dapat berbicara, apakah
dikarenakan tuli? Medicinal 2003;4: 16-8.
8. Lotke M. Hearing impairment. Citated from: hhtp://
www.emedicine.com. July 31 st 2004.
9. Suwento R. Skrining pendengaran bayi baru lahir.
Jakarta: Buletin IDAI, 2004. p. 35-7.
10. Yoshinaga-Itano C, Sedey AL, Coulter DK, Mehl AL.
Language of early and later identified children with
hearing loss. Pediatrics 1998;102:1161-71.
11. Suwento R, Hendarmin H. Evaluasi kemungkinan
penyebab tuli saraf berat pada anak di Pusat Kesehatan
Telinga dan Gangguan Komunikasi, Department of
ENT, Medical School, University of Indonesia, Cipto
Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Konas Perhati.
Yogyakarta, 1999.
12. Thompson DC, McPhillips H, Davis RL, Lieu TL, Homer
CJ, Helfand Ml. Universal newborn hearing screening.
Summary of evidence. JAMA 2001;286: 2000-10.
13. Northern JL, Downs MP. Screening for hearing disor-
ders. In: Hearing in children. Philadelphia: Williams
and Wilkins, 1991. p. 231-83.
14. Richards IDG, Robert CJ. The risk at infant. The Lan-
cet 1967:2:711-4.
15. Northern JL, Downs MP. Physiologic hearing tests. In:
Hearing in children. Philadelphia: Williams and
Wilkins, 2002. p. 209-57.
school aged child. In: Berhman RE, Kliegman RM,
Jenson HB, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 17th
edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004. p. 100-7.
2. Kenna MA. Neonatal hearing screening. Pediatr Clin
North Am 2003;50:301-13.
3. Sokol J, Hyde M. Hearing screening. Pediatric in re-
view 2002;23:155-62.
4. Sirlan F, Suwento R. Hasil survei kesehatan indera
penglihatan dan pendengaran 1993-1996. Depkes RI, 1998.
5. Leung AKC, Pion Kao C. Evaluation and management
of child with speech delay. American Family Physician
1999;59:3121-8;3135.
6. Kelly DP, Sally JI. Disorders of speech and language.
In: Carey WB, Crocker AC, editor. Developmental
behavioral pediatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders,
1999. p. 621-31.
7. Suwento R. Anak belum dapat berbicara, apakah
dikarenakan tuli? Medicinal 2003;4: 16-8.
8. Lotke M. Hearing impairment. Citated from: hhtp://
www.emedicine.com. July 31 st 2004.
9. Suwento R. Skrining pendengaran bayi baru lahir.
Jakarta: Buletin IDAI, 2004. p. 35-7.
10. Yoshinaga-Itano C, Sedey AL, Coulter DK, Mehl AL.
Language of early and later identified children with
hearing loss. Pediatrics 1998;102:1161-71.
11. Suwento R, Hendarmin H. Evaluasi kemungkinan
penyebab tuli saraf berat pada anak di Pusat Kesehatan
Telinga dan Gangguan Komunikasi, Department of
ENT, Medical School, University of Indonesia, Cipto
Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Konas Perhati.
Yogyakarta, 1999.
12. Thompson DC, McPhillips H, Davis RL, Lieu TL, Homer
CJ, Helfand Ml. Universal newborn hearing screening.
Summary of evidence. JAMA 2001;286: 2000-10.
13. Northern JL, Downs MP. Screening for hearing disor-
ders. In: Hearing in children. Philadelphia: Williams
and Wilkins, 1991. p. 231-83.
14. Richards IDG, Robert CJ. The risk at infant. The Lan-
cet 1967:2:711-4.
15. Northern JL, Downs MP. Physiologic hearing tests. In:
Hearing in children. Philadelphia: Williams and
Wilkins, 2002. p. 209-57.
Published
2016-10-18
How to Cite
1.
Fatmawaty F, Gunardi H, Suwento R, Latief A, Suradi R, Mangunatmadja I. The role of hearing capability test as a screening test for the possibility of hearing disorder in children with speech delay. PI [Internet]. 18Oct.2016 [cited 26Apr.2024];46(6):255-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/953
Section
Articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Received 2016-10-17
Accepted 2016-10-17
Published 2016-10-18
Accepted 2016-10-17
Published 2016-10-18
