Retinopathy of prematurity: Prevalence and risk factors
Keywords:
retinopathy of prematurity, screening, risk factors
Abstract
Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the ma-jor causes of infant blindness. There are several factors known as
risk factors for ROP. Recent studies show ROP as a disease of
multifactorial origin.
Objective To report the prevalence of ROP in Cipto Mangunkusumo
Hospital, Jakarta and its relation to several risk factors.
Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from
December 2003-May 2005. All infants with birth weight 2500 grams
or less, or gestational age 37 weeks or less, were enrolled con-
secutively and underwent the screening of ROP at 4 to 6 weeks of
chronological age or 31 to 33 weeks of postconceptional age.
Result Of 73 infant who met the inclusion criteria, 26% (19 out of
73 infant) had ROP in various degrees. About 36.8% (7 out of 19
infants) were in stage III or more/threshold ROP. No ROP was
noted in infants born >35 weeks of gestational age, and birth weight
>2100 grams. No severe ROP was found in gestational age >34
weeks and birth weight >1600 grams. None of full-term, small for
gestational age infants experienced ROP. Birth weight, sepsis,
apneu, asphyxia, multiple blood transfusions, and oxygen therapy
for more than 7 days were statistically significant with the develop-
ment of ROP. However, using multivariate analysis, only asphyxia,
multiple blood transfusions, and oxygen therapy for more than 7
days were statistically significant with the development of ROP.
Conclusion Screening of ROP should be performed in infants
born 34 weeks of gestational age and/or birth weight <1600 grams.
Infants with birth weight from 1600-<2100 grams need to be
screened only if supplemental oxygen is necessary or with clini-
cally severe illness
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Visintin P, et al. Characteristics of infants with severe
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grams. Pediatrics 2005;115:e518-25.
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retinopathy of prematurity, 1989-1997. Available
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thy of prematurity. Br J Ophtalmol 2002;86:1127-30.
12. American Academy of Pediatrics, the American As-
sociation of Pediatric Ophtalmology and Strabismus,
the American Academy of Ophtalmology. Screening
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prematurity. Pediatrics 2001;108:809-11.
13. Chow LC, Wright KW, Sola A. Can changes in clini-
cal practice decrease the incidence of severe retinopa-
thy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants.
Pediatrics 2003;111:339-45.
14. Tin W, Milligan DWA, Pennefather P, Hey E. Pulse
oxymetry, severe retinopathy, and outcome at one year
in babies of less than 28 weeks gestation. Arch Dis
Child Fetal Neonatal 2001;84:F106-10.
JT, Tung B, et al. Prognostic factors in the natural course
of retinopathy of prematurity. Ophtalmol 1993;100:
230-7.
2. Yang C-S, Chen S-J, Lee F-L, Hsu W-M, Liu J-H. Re-
tinopathy of prematurity, screening, incidence, and risk
factors analysis. Chin Med J 2001;64:706-12.
3. Wheatley CM, Dickinson JL, Mackey DA, Craig JE,
Sale MM. Retinopathy of prematurity, recent advances
in our understanding. Br J Ophtalmol 2002;86:696-
701.
4. Trinavarat A, Atchaneeyasakul L, Udompunturak S.
Applicability of American and British criteria for
screening of the retinopathy of prematurity in Thai-
land. Jpn J Ophtalmol 2004;48:50-3.
5. McNamara JA, Moreno R, Tasman WS. Retinopathy
of prematurity. In: Tasman WS, Jaeger EA, editors.
Duane’s clinical ophtalmology. Vol 3. Philadelphia:
Lippincott-Raven; 1997. p. 1-18.
6. Ikeda H, Kuriyama S. Risk factors for retinopathy of
prematurity requiring photocoagulation. Jpn J
Ophtalmol 2004;48:68-71.
7. Allegaert K, Verdonck N, Vanhole C, deHalleux V,
Nauhalers G, Cossey V, et al. Incidence, perinatal risk
factors, visual outcome and management of threshold
retinopathy. Bull Soc belge Ophtalmol 2003;287:37-42.
8. Retinopathy of prematurity. Available from: URL:
http://www. mrcoptham
9. Gilbert C, Fielder A, Gordillo L, Quinn G, Semiglia R,
Visintin P, et al. Characteristics of infants with severe
retinopathy in countries with low, moderate, and high
levels of development, implications for screening pro-
grams. Pediatrics 2005;115:e518-25.
10. Hussain N, Cliva J, Bhandari V. Current incidence of
retinopathy of prematurity, 1989-1997. Available
from: URL: http//:www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/
full/104/3/e26.
11. Andruscavage L, Weissgold DJ. Screening for retinopa-
thy of prematurity. Br J Ophtalmol 2002;86:1127-30.
12. American Academy of Pediatrics, the American As-
sociation of Pediatric Ophtalmology and Strabismus,
the American Academy of Ophtalmology. Screening
examination of premature infants for retinopathy of
prematurity. Pediatrics 2001;108:809-11.
13. Chow LC, Wright KW, Sola A. Can changes in clini-
cal practice decrease the incidence of severe retinopa-
thy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants.
Pediatrics 2003;111:339-45.
14. Tin W, Milligan DWA, Pennefather P, Hey E. Pulse
oxymetry, severe retinopathy, and outcome at one year
in babies of less than 28 weeks gestation. Arch Dis
Child Fetal Neonatal 2001;84:F106-10.
Published
2016-10-13
How to Cite
1.
Rohsiswatmo R. Retinopathy of prematurity: Prevalence and risk factors. PI [Internet]. 13Oct.2016 [cited 23Dec.2024];45(6):270-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/885
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Received 2016-10-12
Accepted 2016-10-12
Published 2016-10-13
Accepted 2016-10-12
Published 2016-10-13
