Efficacy of 10% povidone iodine versus 70% alcohol in umbilical cord care of newborn infants
Keywords:
umbilical cord care, newborn, povidone iodine, alcohol
Abstract
Objective To compare the effectiveness of 10% povidone iodineto that of 70% alcohol in umbilical cord care of newborn infants.
Methods This open label clinical trial was conducted in Pirngadi
Hospital, Medan from July to September 2003. Newborn infants
who fulfilled inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to umbili-
cal cord care using 10% povidone iodine or 70% alcohol. The
main outcome measures were omphalitis prevalence, microor-
ganism colonization, and time to umbilical cord separation. Culture
of the umbilical cord swab was taken in the first 48-72 hours
after birth. The umbilical cord was observed daily during hospital-
ization and every other day after discharge until cord separation.
Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test and indepen-
dent t-test.
Results There were 54 infants in the povidone iodine group and
52 infants in the alcohol group. Omphalitis was absent in both
groups. Fourteen percent of subjects in the povidone iodine group
showed no microorganism growth, compared to 7% in the alco-
hol group. Staphylococcus aureus colonization was found in
10% of subjects in the povidone iodine group and 23% of sub-
jects in the alcohol group. The prevalence of Escherichia coli
colonization was 41% and 47% in the povidone iodine and alco-
hol groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant
difference between both groups in bacterial colonization (P=0.135).
Mean time to umbilical cord separation was 6.44 days in the
povidone iodine group and 6.13 days in the alcohol group
(P=0.431).
Conclusion These results suggest that 10% povidone iodine
and 70% alcohol are equally effective in umbilical cord care of
newborn infants
References
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Rudolph’s Pediatrics. 20th edition. Stamford: Appleton
& Lange; 1996. p. 225-7.
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WW, Hayward AR, Levin MJ, Sondheimer JM, editors.
Current pediaric diagnosis & treatment. 16th edition.
New York: Appleton & Lange; 2003. p.1-51.
9. Janssen PA, Selwood BL, Dobson SR, Peacock D,
Thiessen PN. To dye or not to dye: A randomized clini-
cal trial of a triple dye/alcohol regime versus dry cord
care. Pediatrics 2003;111:15-20.
10. Wong P, Mason EO, Barret FF. Group B Streptococcal
colonization in a newborn nursery: Effects of iodophor
and triple dye cord care. South Med J 1977;70:978-9.
11. Meberg A, Schoyen R. Bacterial colonization and neo-
natal infection. Effects of skin and umbilical disinfection
in the nursery. Acta Paediatr Scand 1985;74:366-71.
12. Pildes RS, Ramamurthy RS, Vidyasagar D. Effect of triple
dye on staphylococcal colonization in the newborn in-
fant. J Pediatr 1973;82:987-90.
13. Wald ER, Snyder MJ, Gut berlet RL. Group B - Hemolytic
Streptococcal colonization. Am J Dis Child 1977;131:178-
80.
14. Johnson JD, Malachowaski NC, Vosti KL, Sunshine P. A
sequential study of various modes of skin and umbilical
care and the incidence of staphylococcal colonization
and infection in the neonate. Pediatrics 1976;58:354-61.
15. Golombek SG, Brill PE, Salice AL. Randomized trial of
alcohol versus triple dye for umbilical cord care. Clin
Pediatr 2002;41:419-23.
16. Triasih R, Widowati T, Haksari EL, Surjono A. The effec-
tiveness and safety of colostrum in umbilical cord care: A
randomized controlled trial. Proceedings of the 12th Na-
tional Congress of Child Health; 2002 June 30-Juli 4;
Bali, Indonesia.
17. Hidayati N. Pengaruh perawatan tali pusat dengan povi-
done iodine 10% terhadap terjadinya hipotiroidisme [the-
sis]. Semarang, Indonesia: Diponegoro Univ.; 2001.
18. Dore S, Buchan D, Coulas S, Hamber L. Stewart M,
Cowan D, et al. Alcohol versus natural drying for new-
born cord care [abstract]. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal
Nurs 1998;27:621-7.
a review of the evidence. World Health Organization;
1998.
2. Dear P. Infection in the newborn. In: Rennie JM, Roberton
NRC, editors. Textbook of neonatology. 3rd edition. New
York: Churchill Livingstone, 1999. p. 1109-53.
3. Faridi MM, Rattan A, Ahmad SH. Omphalitis neona-
torum [abstract]. J Indian Med Assoc 1993;91:283-5.
4. Fletcher MA. Physical diagnosis in neonatology. Phila-
delphia: Lippincott Raven, 1998. p. 72-8, 357-62.
5. Monintja HE. Peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan pada
janin dan neonatus. In: Adinoto S, Soemantri AG,
Sudigbia I, Kosnadi L, editors. Proceedings of the 2nd
National Perinatology Symposium; 1979; Semarang, In-
donesia. Semarang: UKK Neonatologi IDAI - RSDK-
FK UNDIP; 1979. p. 71-84.
6. Seeberg S, Brinkhoff B, John E, Kjellmer I. Prevention
and control of neonatal pyoderma with chlorhexidine.
Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:198-504.
7. Charlton VE, Phibbs RH. Care and observation. In:
Rudolph AM, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph CD, editors.
Rudolph’s Pediatrics. 20th edition. Stamford: Appleton
& Lange; 1996. p. 225-7.
8. Thilo EH, Rosenberg AA. The newborn infant. In: Hay
WW, Hayward AR, Levin MJ, Sondheimer JM, editors.
Current pediaric diagnosis & treatment. 16th edition.
New York: Appleton & Lange; 2003. p.1-51.
9. Janssen PA, Selwood BL, Dobson SR, Peacock D,
Thiessen PN. To dye or not to dye: A randomized clini-
cal trial of a triple dye/alcohol regime versus dry cord
care. Pediatrics 2003;111:15-20.
10. Wong P, Mason EO, Barret FF. Group B Streptococcal
colonization in a newborn nursery: Effects of iodophor
and triple dye cord care. South Med J 1977;70:978-9.
11. Meberg A, Schoyen R. Bacterial colonization and neo-
natal infection. Effects of skin and umbilical disinfection
in the nursery. Acta Paediatr Scand 1985;74:366-71.
12. Pildes RS, Ramamurthy RS, Vidyasagar D. Effect of triple
dye on staphylococcal colonization in the newborn in-
fant. J Pediatr 1973;82:987-90.
13. Wald ER, Snyder MJ, Gut berlet RL. Group B - Hemolytic
Streptococcal colonization. Am J Dis Child 1977;131:178-
80.
14. Johnson JD, Malachowaski NC, Vosti KL, Sunshine P. A
sequential study of various modes of skin and umbilical
care and the incidence of staphylococcal colonization
and infection in the neonate. Pediatrics 1976;58:354-61.
15. Golombek SG, Brill PE, Salice AL. Randomized trial of
alcohol versus triple dye for umbilical cord care. Clin
Pediatr 2002;41:419-23.
16. Triasih R, Widowati T, Haksari EL, Surjono A. The effec-
tiveness and safety of colostrum in umbilical cord care: A
randomized controlled trial. Proceedings of the 12th Na-
tional Congress of Child Health; 2002 June 30-Juli 4;
Bali, Indonesia.
17. Hidayati N. Pengaruh perawatan tali pusat dengan povi-
done iodine 10% terhadap terjadinya hipotiroidisme [the-
sis]. Semarang, Indonesia: Diponegoro Univ.; 2001.
18. Dore S, Buchan D, Coulas S, Hamber L. Stewart M,
Cowan D, et al. Alcohol versus natural drying for new-
born cord care [abstract]. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal
Nurs 1998;27:621-7.
Published
2016-10-13
How to Cite
1.
Rasyidah R, Yulizar Y, Emsyah L, Tjipta G, Aldy D. Efficacy of 10% povidone iodine versus 70% alcohol in umbilical cord care of newborn infants. PI [Internet]. 13Oct.2016 [cited 23Dec.2024];45(5):198-02. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/835
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Received 2016-10-08
Accepted 2016-10-08
Published 2016-10-13
Accepted 2016-10-08
Published 2016-10-13
