Clinical manifestations of rotavirus diarrhea in the outpatient clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
Keywords:
rotavirus, diarrhea, clinical manifestations, outpatients
Abstract
Background Rotavirus is one of the most common cause of acutediarrhea among hospitalized and pediatric outpatients, especially
those aged 6-24 months. Data of hospitalized children showed that
rotavirus causes severe diarrhea, but data of outpatient children in
Indonesia, especially at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, is
limited.
Objective To characterize the clinical manifestations of rotavirus
diarrhea in the pediatric outpatient clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo
Hospital Jakarta.
Methods This was a cross-sectional study, done in July 2003 –
March 2004. Stool specimens were collected from patients aged
6-24 months with diarrhea and tested for rotavirus by ELISA.
Result Of the 98 children enrolled, 35 (35.7%) children excreted
rotavirus. Rotavirus diarrhea was seen in 43.8% of children aged
6-11 months, of whom 37.0% of them were undernourished. Males
were affected 1.4 times as much as females. The clinical manifes-
tations were passage of diarrheic stools more than 10 times a day
(58.3%), mild-moderate dehydration (55.8%), cough (51.9%),
rhinorhea (46.0%), vomiting (44.8%), fever (41.1%), yellow stools
(38.9%), and mucus in the stool (20.0%). The highest prevalence
of rotavirus diarrhea was identified in the combination of diarrhea,
fever, vomiting and cough/rhinorrhea (55.3%). Stool analysis re-
vealed that the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea among children
with fat malabsorption, lactose malabsorption, and stool leukocyte
of +2 were 50.0%, 46.7% and 33.9%, respectively.
Conclusion The prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in the pediatric
outpatient clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta was
35.7%. The highest prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea was identified
in the combination of diarrhea, fever, vomiting and cough/rhinorhea
(55.3%)
References
1. Cook SM, Glass RI, LeBaron CW, Ho MS. Global sea-
sonality of rotavirus infections. Bull World Health
Organ 1990; 68:171-7.
2. Sunoto. Diare akut. In: Markum A, Ismael S, Alatas
H, Akib A, Firmansyah A, Sastroasmoro S, editors.
Buku ajar ilmu kesehatan anak. 1st ed. Jakarta: Balai
Penerbit FKUI; 1991. p. 448-66.
3. DuPont HL, Miranda AG. Small intestine: infections
with common bacterial and viral pathogens. In: Yamada
T, Alpers DH, Powell DW, Owyang C, Silverstein FE,
editors. Textbook of gastroenterology. 2nd ed. Phila-
delphia: JB Lippincott; 1995. p. 1605-29.
4. Ford-Jones EL, Wang E, Petric M, Corey P, Moineddin
R, Fearon M, et al. Rotavirus-associated diarrhea in
outpatient settings and child care centers. Arch Pediatr
Adoles Med 2000;154:586-93.
5. Frühwirth M, Karmaus W, Moll-Schüler, Brösl S, Mutz
I. A prospective evaluation of community acquired
gastroenteritis in paediatric practices: impact and dis-
ease burden of rotavirus infection. Arch Dis Child
2001;84:393-7.
6. Cunliffe NA, Kilgore PE, Bresee JS, Steele AD, Luo N,
Hart CA, et al. Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea in
Africa: a review to assess the need for rotavirus immu-
nization. Bull World Health Organ 1998;76:524-37.
7. Kelkar SD, Purohit SG, Boralkar AN, Verma SP. Preva-
lence of rotavirus diarrhea among out-patients and
hospitalized patients: a comparison. Southeast Asian J
Trop Med Public Health 2001;32:494-9.
8. Suharyono. Rotavirus gastroenteritis studies in Indo-
nesia. Proceedings of the Seminar on Virus diseases in
South East Asia and the Western Pacific; 1982 Feb 8-
12; Canberra, Australia.
9. Yuwono D, Suharyono W. Infeksi rotavirus dan kaitannya
dengan cara pemberian air susu pada penderita akut gas-
troenteritis. Medika 1985;12:1170-3.
10. Rialdi T. Infeksi rotavirus pada penderita diare akut
bayi dan anak di RSUP M. Djamil Padang [thesis].
Padang: Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Andalas; 1999.
11. Setiyadi S. Prevalensi infeksi Rotavirus pada anak
penderita diare akut usia 1-60 bulan di Puskesmas kota
Bandung [thesis]. Bandung: Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan
Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjajaran;
2003.
12. Soenarto Y, Sebodo T, Suryantoro P, Krisnomurti,
Haksohusodo S, Ilyas, et al. Bacteria, parasitic agents
and rotavirus associated with acute diarrhea in hospi-
tal in-patient Indonesian children. Transactions Roy
Soc Trop Med Hyg 1983;77:724-30.
13. Hegar B, Kadim M, Pasaribu A. Karakteristik
mikroorganisme saluran cerna pada anak dengan diare
akut. (In press).
14. Noerasid H, Suraatmadja S, Asnil PO. Gastroenteritis
(diare) akut. In: Suharyono, Boediarso A, Halimun EM,
editors. Gastroenterologi anak praktis. 3rd ed. Jakarta:
Balai Penerbit FKUI; 1999. p. 51-76.
15. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Epidemiologi dan etiologi
diare. In: Ditjen PPM & PLP Depkes, editor. Buku ajar
diare. Jakarta: Depkes; 1999. p. 3-16.
16. King BR. Pediatrics, Rotavirus. Available from: URL:
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic25.html
17. Soedarmo SP. Penatalaksanaan demam dengan sebab
tidak jelas. In: Akib AAP, Tumbelaka AR, Matondang
CS, editors. Pendekatan Imunologis Berbagai Penyakit
Alergi & Infeksi. Proceedings of Pendidikan Kedokteran
Berkelanjutan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak XLIV; 2001 Jul 30-
31; Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta: Departemen IKA-FKUI;
2001. p. 83-94.
18. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Penilaian penderita diare.
In: Ditjen PPM & PLP DepKes, editor. Buku ajar diare.
Jakarta: Depkes; 1999. p. 37-48.
19. Pudjiadi S. Ilmu gizi klinis pada anak. 4th ed. Jakarta:
Balai Penerbit FKUI; 2001. p. 100.
20. Soenarto Y, Suharyono. Pemeriksaan-pemeriksaan
sindrom malabsorpsi. In: Suharyono, Boediarso A,
Halimun EM, editors. Gastroenterologi anak praktis.
3rd ed. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 1999. p. 325.
21. Ariyani A. Gambaran diare akut serta hubungannya
dengan gejala yang ditemukan pada anak 0-2 tahun
yang dirawat di SMF Anak RSUPN CM periode Sep-
tember 1996-Januari 1997 [thesis]. Jakarta: Bagian
Patologi Klinik FKUI; 1998.
22. Kuo G. Rotavirus infections. Pediatr Rev 1999;20:21-2.
23. Bass DM. Rotavirus and other agents of viral gastro-
enteritis. In: Nelson WE, Behrman RE, Kliegman RM,
Arvin AM, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 17 th
ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. p. 765-8.
24. Davidson GP. Viral Diarrhea. In: Gracey M, editor.
Diarrhea. Florida: CRC Press; 1991. p. 67-91.
25. Laney DW, Cohen MB. Infectious diarrhea. In: Wyllie
R, Hyams JS, editors. Pediatric gastrointestinal disease:
pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. Philadelphia:
WB Saunders; 1993. p. 612-5.
26. Barnes GL. Intestinal viral infections. In: Walker WA, Durie
PR, Hamilton JR, Smith JA, Watkins JB, editors. Pediatric
gastrointestinal disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, man-
agement. Philadelphia: BC Decker; 1991. p. 538-46.
27. Government of Indonesia in cooperation with UNICEF.
Report on the government of Indonesia-UNICEF mid
term review of programme cooperation for maternal
and child survival, development and protection 1995-
2000. Jakarta: Ministry of Health; 1998. p. 4.
28. Chrystie IL, Cubit WD, Banatvala JE. Virus infections.
In: Bouchier IA, Allan RN, Hodgson HJ, Keighley MR,
editors. Gastroenterology: clinical science and prac-
tice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1993. p.
1371-91.
29. Zheng BJ, Chang RX, Ma GZ, Xie JM, Liu Q, Liang
XR, et al. Rotavirus infection of the oropharynx and
respiratory tract ini young children [abstract]. J Med
Virol 1991;34:29-37.
30. Prince DS, Astry C, Vonderfecht S, Jakab G, Shen
FM, Yolken RH. Aerosol transmission of experimen-
tal rotavirus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1986;
5:218-22.
31. Dennehy PH. Transmission of rotavirus and other en-
teric pathogens in the home. Pediatr Infect Dis J
2000;19(10 Suppl):103-5.
32. Suharyono. Sindrom malabsorpsi. In: Suharyono,
Boediarso A, Halimun EM, editors. Gastroenterologi anak
praktis. 3 rd ed. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 1999. p. 152.
33. Murphy MS. Guidelines for managing acute gastroen-
teritis based on a systematic review of published re-
search. Arch Dis Child 1998;79:279-84.
sonality of rotavirus infections. Bull World Health
Organ 1990; 68:171-7.
2. Sunoto. Diare akut. In: Markum A, Ismael S, Alatas
H, Akib A, Firmansyah A, Sastroasmoro S, editors.
Buku ajar ilmu kesehatan anak. 1st ed. Jakarta: Balai
Penerbit FKUI; 1991. p. 448-66.
3. DuPont HL, Miranda AG. Small intestine: infections
with common bacterial and viral pathogens. In: Yamada
T, Alpers DH, Powell DW, Owyang C, Silverstein FE,
editors. Textbook of gastroenterology. 2nd ed. Phila-
delphia: JB Lippincott; 1995. p. 1605-29.
4. Ford-Jones EL, Wang E, Petric M, Corey P, Moineddin
R, Fearon M, et al. Rotavirus-associated diarrhea in
outpatient settings and child care centers. Arch Pediatr
Adoles Med 2000;154:586-93.
5. Frühwirth M, Karmaus W, Moll-Schüler, Brösl S, Mutz
I. A prospective evaluation of community acquired
gastroenteritis in paediatric practices: impact and dis-
ease burden of rotavirus infection. Arch Dis Child
2001;84:393-7.
6. Cunliffe NA, Kilgore PE, Bresee JS, Steele AD, Luo N,
Hart CA, et al. Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea in
Africa: a review to assess the need for rotavirus immu-
nization. Bull World Health Organ 1998;76:524-37.
7. Kelkar SD, Purohit SG, Boralkar AN, Verma SP. Preva-
lence of rotavirus diarrhea among out-patients and
hospitalized patients: a comparison. Southeast Asian J
Trop Med Public Health 2001;32:494-9.
8. Suharyono. Rotavirus gastroenteritis studies in Indo-
nesia. Proceedings of the Seminar on Virus diseases in
South East Asia and the Western Pacific; 1982 Feb 8-
12; Canberra, Australia.
9. Yuwono D, Suharyono W. Infeksi rotavirus dan kaitannya
dengan cara pemberian air susu pada penderita akut gas-
troenteritis. Medika 1985;12:1170-3.
10. Rialdi T. Infeksi rotavirus pada penderita diare akut
bayi dan anak di RSUP M. Djamil Padang [thesis].
Padang: Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Andalas; 1999.
11. Setiyadi S. Prevalensi infeksi Rotavirus pada anak
penderita diare akut usia 1-60 bulan di Puskesmas kota
Bandung [thesis]. Bandung: Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan
Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjajaran;
2003.
12. Soenarto Y, Sebodo T, Suryantoro P, Krisnomurti,
Haksohusodo S, Ilyas, et al. Bacteria, parasitic agents
and rotavirus associated with acute diarrhea in hospi-
tal in-patient Indonesian children. Transactions Roy
Soc Trop Med Hyg 1983;77:724-30.
13. Hegar B, Kadim M, Pasaribu A. Karakteristik
mikroorganisme saluran cerna pada anak dengan diare
akut. (In press).
14. Noerasid H, Suraatmadja S, Asnil PO. Gastroenteritis
(diare) akut. In: Suharyono, Boediarso A, Halimun EM,
editors. Gastroenterologi anak praktis. 3rd ed. Jakarta:
Balai Penerbit FKUI; 1999. p. 51-76.
15. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Epidemiologi dan etiologi
diare. In: Ditjen PPM & PLP Depkes, editor. Buku ajar
diare. Jakarta: Depkes; 1999. p. 3-16.
16. King BR. Pediatrics, Rotavirus. Available from: URL:
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic25.html
17. Soedarmo SP. Penatalaksanaan demam dengan sebab
tidak jelas. In: Akib AAP, Tumbelaka AR, Matondang
CS, editors. Pendekatan Imunologis Berbagai Penyakit
Alergi & Infeksi. Proceedings of Pendidikan Kedokteran
Berkelanjutan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak XLIV; 2001 Jul 30-
31; Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta: Departemen IKA-FKUI;
2001. p. 83-94.
18. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Penilaian penderita diare.
In: Ditjen PPM & PLP DepKes, editor. Buku ajar diare.
Jakarta: Depkes; 1999. p. 37-48.
19. Pudjiadi S. Ilmu gizi klinis pada anak. 4th ed. Jakarta:
Balai Penerbit FKUI; 2001. p. 100.
20. Soenarto Y, Suharyono. Pemeriksaan-pemeriksaan
sindrom malabsorpsi. In: Suharyono, Boediarso A,
Halimun EM, editors. Gastroenterologi anak praktis.
3rd ed. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 1999. p. 325.
21. Ariyani A. Gambaran diare akut serta hubungannya
dengan gejala yang ditemukan pada anak 0-2 tahun
yang dirawat di SMF Anak RSUPN CM periode Sep-
tember 1996-Januari 1997 [thesis]. Jakarta: Bagian
Patologi Klinik FKUI; 1998.
22. Kuo G. Rotavirus infections. Pediatr Rev 1999;20:21-2.
23. Bass DM. Rotavirus and other agents of viral gastro-
enteritis. In: Nelson WE, Behrman RE, Kliegman RM,
Arvin AM, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 17 th
ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. p. 765-8.
24. Davidson GP. Viral Diarrhea. In: Gracey M, editor.
Diarrhea. Florida: CRC Press; 1991. p. 67-91.
25. Laney DW, Cohen MB. Infectious diarrhea. In: Wyllie
R, Hyams JS, editors. Pediatric gastrointestinal disease:
pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. Philadelphia:
WB Saunders; 1993. p. 612-5.
26. Barnes GL. Intestinal viral infections. In: Walker WA, Durie
PR, Hamilton JR, Smith JA, Watkins JB, editors. Pediatric
gastrointestinal disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, man-
agement. Philadelphia: BC Decker; 1991. p. 538-46.
27. Government of Indonesia in cooperation with UNICEF.
Report on the government of Indonesia-UNICEF mid
term review of programme cooperation for maternal
and child survival, development and protection 1995-
2000. Jakarta: Ministry of Health; 1998. p. 4.
28. Chrystie IL, Cubit WD, Banatvala JE. Virus infections.
In: Bouchier IA, Allan RN, Hodgson HJ, Keighley MR,
editors. Gastroenterology: clinical science and prac-
tice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1993. p.
1371-91.
29. Zheng BJ, Chang RX, Ma GZ, Xie JM, Liu Q, Liang
XR, et al. Rotavirus infection of the oropharynx and
respiratory tract ini young children [abstract]. J Med
Virol 1991;34:29-37.
30. Prince DS, Astry C, Vonderfecht S, Jakab G, Shen
FM, Yolken RH. Aerosol transmission of experimen-
tal rotavirus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1986;
5:218-22.
31. Dennehy PH. Transmission of rotavirus and other en-
teric pathogens in the home. Pediatr Infect Dis J
2000;19(10 Suppl):103-5.
32. Suharyono. Sindrom malabsorpsi. In: Suharyono,
Boediarso A, Halimun EM, editors. Gastroenterologi anak
praktis. 3 rd ed. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 1999. p. 152.
33. Murphy MS. Guidelines for managing acute gastroen-
teritis based on a systematic review of published re-
search. Arch Dis Child 1998;79:279-84.
Published
2016-10-10
How to Cite
1.
Tjitrasari T, Firmansyah A, Chair I. Clinical manifestations of rotavirus diarrhea in the outpatient clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. PI [Internet]. 10Oct.2016 [cited 24Dec.2024];45(2):69-5. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/803
Section
Articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Received 2016-10-05
Accepted 2016-10-05
Published 2016-10-10
Accepted 2016-10-05
Published 2016-10-10
