Characteristics and prognostic factors of intracranial hemorrhage in children
Keywords:
intracranial bleeding, children, prognosis
Abstract
Objective Finding the characteristics and risk factors associatedwith prognosis in children suffering from intracranial hemorrhage.
Methods This was a retrospective medical record review of chil-
dren (older than 1 month old) admitted with intracranial hemor-
rhage to the Department of Child Health the Sanglah Hospital,
Denpasar, during the period of January 1998 to December 2000.
Prognostic factors were identified by chi-square and multivariate
analysis with significance of p<0.05
Results There were 56 patients eligible for the study. Among them
were 35 (63%) males and 21 (27%) females. Forty-three (77%)
were less than one year of age, 40 (71%) without history of trauma
and the major clinical manifestation was paleness (89%). The most
common location was subdural bleeding, 21 patients (38%). Fac-
tors associated with prognosis was the bleeding location (p<0.05)
Conclusions Intracranial hemorrhage was more common in males
and in infants. The most common clinical manifestation was pale-
ness. Bleeding location was associated with prognosis
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(brain) hemorrhage. Available from: URL: http://
www.healthcare.ucla.edu/pls/brainhem.htm
3. Menkes JH. Cerebrovascular disorders. In: Menkes, edi-
tor. Textbook of child neurology. 4 th edition. Philadel-
phia: Lea & Febiger; 1995. p. 383-93.
4. Cobbs LE, Kramer L, Prasad M, Canales DN, Louis
PT, Flecher JM, et al. Neuroimaging, physical, and de-
velopmental findings after inflicted and noninflicted
traumatic brain injury in young children. Pediatrics
1988;102:300-7.
5. Elaine TK. Intracerebral hemorrhage. Yahoo! Health.
Available from: URL: http://health.yahoo.com/health/
encyclopedia/000796/0.html
6. James HE. Head trauma. In: Holbrook PR, editor. Text-
book of pediatric critical care. Philadelphia: W.B
Saunders Company; 1995. p. 201-9.
7. Duhaime AC, Sutton LN. Head injury in the pediatric
patient. In: Tindall GT, Cooper PR, Barrow DL, edi-
tors. The practice of neurosurgery, volume-2. Balti-
more: William & Wilkins; 1996. p. 1564-2340.
8. Morris MW, Smith S, Cressman J, Ancheta J. Evalua-
tion on infants with subdural hematoma who lack ex-
ternal evidence of abuse. Pediatrics 2000;105:549-53.
9. Martin NA, Holland MC. Spontaneous intracerebral
haemorrhage. In: Rengachary SS, Wilkins RH, editors.
Principles of neurosurgery. St. Louis: Wolfe; 1994. p.
132-9.
10. MacDonald RL, Weir B. Pathophysiology and clinical
evaluation of subarachnoid hemorrhage. In: Youmans
JR, editor. Neurological surgery. 4 th ed Vol 2. Philadel-
phia: WB Saunders Company; 1996. p. 1224-40.
11. Wade SL, Taylor HG, Drotar G, Stancin D, Yeates KO.
Family burden and adaptation during the initial year
ater traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatrics 1998;
102:110-6.
12. Rivkin MJ. Stroke in childhood. In: Kliegman RM,
editor. Practical strategies in pediatric diagnosis and
therapy. Philadelphia. WB Saunders Company; 1992.
p. 663-78.
13. Grenees DS, Schutzman SA. Clinical indicators of in-
tracranial injury in head-injured infants. Pediatrics
1999;104:861-7.
14. Duhaime AC, Alairo AJ, Lewander WJ. Head in-
jury in very young children: mechanism, injury types,
and ophtalmologic findings in 100 hospitalized
patiens younger than 2 years of age. Pediatrics
1992;90:179-85.
15. Hymel KP, Abshire TC, Luckey DW, Jenny C.
Coagulopathy in pediatric abusive head trauma. Pedi-
atrics 1997;371-5.
16. Diaz MS, Blacstrom J, Falf M, Li V. Serial radiogra-
phy in the infant shaken impact syndrome. Pediatr
Neurosurg 1988;29:77-85.
17. Billmire ME, Myers PA. Serious head injury in
infants. Accident or abuse? Pediatrics 1985;
75:340-2.
18. Starling SP, Holden JR, Jenny C. Abusive head trauma:
the relationship of perpetrators to their victims. Pedi-
atrics 1995;95:259-62.
19. Krugman RD, Bays JA, Chadwick DL. Shaken baby
syndrome: inflicted cerebral trauma. Pediatrics
1993;92:872-5.
20. Rosman NP. Acute brain injury. In: Swaiman KF, edi-
tor. Pediatric neurology: Principles and practice. Vol 2.
St. Louis: The CV Mosby Company; 1989. p. 715-34.
21. Koenigberger MR. Acute encelopathies of infancy. In:
Rudolph AM, editor. Rudoplh’s pediatrics. 20 th ed. Cali-
fornia: Prentice Hall International Inc; 1992. p. 1877-85.
22. Kanno T, Sano H, Shinomiya Y, Katada K, Nagata J,
Hoshino M, et al. Role of surgery in hypertensive in-
tracerebral hematoma. J Neurosurg 1984;61:1091-9.
23. Fujitsu K, Muramoto M, Ikeda Y, Inada Y, Kim I,
Kuwabara T. Indication for surgical treatment of
putaminal hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1990;73:518-25.
24. Furnival RA, Woodward GA, Schunk JE. Delayed di-
agnosis of injury in pediatric trauma. Pediatrics.
1996;98:56-62.
Published
2016-09-24
How to Cite
1.
Kardana M, Kari K, Widia M. Characteristics and prognostic factors of intracranial hemorrhage in children. PI [Internet]. 24Sep.2016 [cited 23Apr.2024];43(1):14-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/652
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Received 2016-09-22
Accepted 2016-09-22
Published 2016-09-24
Accepted 2016-09-22
Published 2016-09-24
