Peak expiratory flow rate of primary school children in high and low air pollution level areas
Keywords:
peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), high pollution level, low pollution level, primary school children
Abstract
Background Chronic inhalation of air pollutants may causebronchoconstriction, bronchiolitis, and edema of airway, thus alter
lung volume. To measure the lung volume, a simple lung function
test, the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), can provide a feature of
lung volume in liters/minute.
Objective The purpose of this study was to measure PEFR val-
ues of primary school children in a high air pollution level area
(Medan) and compare the results with the PEFR values of those in
a low air pollution level area (Tebing Tinggi).
Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on primary school
children (10-12 years of age) during May-July 2000 in Medan and
Tebing Tinggi. Data were obtained by questionnaires. Physical ex-
amination included age, sex, height, weight, and PEFR value. PEFR
values were measured by Mini Wright peak expiratory flow meter
(MPFM) from three blows. The highest volume was taken as the
PEFR value. Statistical analysis was done by t-test and p<0.05
was considered significant.
Results There were 212 primary school children eligible for this
study; 107 came from the high air pollution level area and 105
from the low air pollution level area. The PEFR values did not dif-
fer significantly between the two groups (p>0.05)
Conclusion PEFR values in a high air population level area were
not statistically different compared with those in low air pollution
level area
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Rahajoe NN, Boediman I, editors. Buku naskah lengkap
pendidikan kedokteran berkelanjutan anak XXXIII.
Jakarta: FKUI; 1994. p. 45-73.
3. Boushey HA, Sheppard D, Tager I. Air pollution. In:
Murray JF, Nadel JA, editors. Textbook of respiratory
medicine. 2 nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1994.
p. 2032-45.
4. Aditama TY. Polusi udara dan kesehatan. Jakarta:
Arcan; 1995. p. 11-4.
5. Wijetilleke L, Karnaratne SAR. Air quality manage-
ment: considerations for developing countries. Wash-
ington: World Bank; 1995. p. 9-40.
6. Lemen RJ. Pulmonary function testing in the office,
clinic, and home. In: Chernick V, Kendig EL, edi-
tors. Kendig’s disorders of the respiratory tract in
children. 5 th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co;
1990. p. 147-53.
7. Wenzel SE, Larsen GL. Assessment of lung function:
pulmonary function testing. In: Bierman CW, Pearlman
DS, Shapiro GG, Busse WW, editors. Allergy, asthma,
and immunology from infancy to adulthood. Philadel-
phia: WB Saunders Co; 1996. p. 156-72.
8. Hodgkin JE. Routine pulmonary function tests. In:
Burton GG, Hodgkin JE, editors. Respiratory care a
guide to clinical practice. 2 nd ed. Philadelphia: JB
Lippincott Co; 1994. p. 23-8.
9. Stark JE, Shneerson JM, Higenbottam T, Milstein BB.
Manual ilmu penyakit paru. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara;
1990. p. 48-54.
10. Miller LG, Kazemi H. Manual of clinical pulmonary
medicine. New York: MC Graw Hill Book Co; 1983. p.
33-41.
11. Wirjodiardjo M, Said M, Budiman HI Perbandingan
hasil pengukuran peak flow rate antara mini wright
peak flow meter dan spirometer elektronik pada anak.
Maj Kedok Ind 1992;42:575-85.
12. WHO. In: Wijaya C, Suyono J, translators. Deteksi dini
penyakit akibat kerja. Jakarta: EGC; 1995. p. 213-20.
13. Santoso H. Peak expiratory flow rate: Harga standar
untuk anak-anak normal berumur 8-15 tahun. Medika
1991;17:299-304.
14. Miller MR, Quanjer PH. Peak flow meters: a problem
of scale. BMJ 1994;308:548-9.
15. Aditama TY. Mangunnegoro H, Fachrurodji H, Depari,
Saharawati. Penggunaan arus puncak ekspirasi
maksimum dalam penilaian faal paru. Medika
1987;13:670-2.
16. Gold WM. Pulmonary function test. In: Murray JF,
Nadel JA, editors. Textbook of respiratory medi-
cine. 2 nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1994.
p. 798-805.
17. Alsagaff H. Perlukah dibuat nilai standard faal paru
untuk orang Indonesia?. Medika 1990;16:8-9
18. Sly PD, Cahill P, Willet P, Burton P. Accuracy of mini
peak flow meters in indicating changes in lung func-
tion in children with asthma. BMJ 1994;308:572-4.
19. Higgenbottam T. Respiratory function test. Medicine
International 1986:1393-9
20. Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan Daerah.
Neraca kualitas lingkungan hidup daerah Propinsi
Daerah Tingkat I Sumatera Utara tahun 1998. Medan:
Bapendal; 1998. p. 145-6.
21. Sastrawijaya AT. Pencemaran lingkungan. Surabaya:
Rineka Cipta; 1991. p. 165-201.
22. Oceandy D, Widyantoro A, Armanto RP. Gangguan
sistem pernafasan dan faal paru pada petugas
kebersihan kota. Medika 1996;22:775-8.
23. Sukar. Pengaruh kesehatan oksida nitrogen dari emisi
mesin diesel. Medika 1986;12:959-62.
Published
2016-09-24
How to Cite
1.
Hasibuan I, Supriatmo M, Faisal A, Panggabean G, Daulay R, Siregar Z, Lubis H. Peak expiratory flow rate of primary school children in high and low air pollution level areas. PI [Internet]. 24Sep.2016 [cited 13Nov.2024];43(1):10-3. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/650
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Received 2016-09-21
Accepted 2016-09-21
Published 2016-09-24
Accepted 2016-09-21
Published 2016-09-24
