Consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and hypertension in obese children
Abstract
Background Obesity has become an increasingly important medical
problem in children. Obesity-induced hypertension in childhood
should be considered as a chronic medical condition that is likely
to require long-term management of dietary patterns, especially for
energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) food consumption.
Objective To examine the contribution ofEDNP foods to daily
energy and macronutrient intakes and to examine the relationship
between intake of EDN P foods and the prevalence of hypertension
in children.
Methods Four hundred and forty children were randomly selected
to participate. Weight and height were measured with precision
electronic scales and fixed microtoise, respectively. Blood pressure
(BP) measurements were performed by standard procedure. A
24-hour dietary recall was obtained by a trained interviewer to
determine the intake of EDNP foods, which were clas sified to 4
major groups: visible fat, sweeteners, desserts, or salty snacks.
The difference in mean was evaluated using paired Ttest.
Logistic models were fitted to assess for an association between
hypertension and the various characteristics.
Results The proportion of children who were overweight (including
obese) was 23 .2%. The prevalence of elevated BP was 10.5%, similar
in boys and girls, with most of them having isolated elevated sys to lie
BP. There was a relationship between BP and body mass index
(BMI) in all children. Approximately 27% of total daily energy
intake was contributed by all EDNP foods. Of the EDNP food
subgroups examined, dessert and sweeteners contributed nearly
20% of total daily energy intake. In the highest one-third of subjects
who consumed EDNP food, these foods provided 49% of total daily
carbohydrate intake and 34% of total daily fat intake.
Conclusion Eating patterns ofEDNP foods provide 49% of total
daily carbohydrate intake and 34% of total daily fat intake. This
EDNP food is independently associated with hypertension in
children.
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Accepted 2016-09-20
Published 2014-08-31
