Academic achievement of elementary school-aged children with pre-anemic iron-deficiency
Keywords:
iron-deficiency, academic achievement, school-aged children, ferritin
Abstract
Background Relationship between iron deficiency andcognitive function has been investigated in many studies, but
they usually focused on iron deficiency anemia. Brain iron
storage might have already decreased before anemia exist.
Objectives To investigate the prevalence of pre-anemic irondeficiency
in school-aged children and to determine whether
this condition is a risk factor for low academic achievement.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 87 subjects
of znd,6th grade in SDN 04 Petang, Kramat, Senen, Jakarta
on August 2008. The subjects underwent peripheral blood
and ferritin serum concentration examinations. Twentynine
subjects who suffered from anemia were excluded. The
remaining 58 subjects were classified into normal body iron
status group and preanemic iron-deficiency group.
Results The prevalence of pre-anemic iron-deficiency in SDN
04 Petang, Kramat was 6%. The prevalence ratio to determine
whether pre-anemic iron-deficiency was a risk factor for low
academic achievement could not be calculated because the
minimal sample number required was not reached. There was
no relationship between pre-anemic iron-deficiency and low
academic achievement for mathematics, Indonesian language,
science, and social science.
Conclusions The prevalence of pre-anemic iron-deficiency in
SDN 04 Petang, Kramat Senen Jakarta was 6%. This study
is not able to determine whether pre-anemic iron-deficiency
is a risk factor for low academic achievement in school-aged
children; therefore further study with more efforts to detect
the presence of iron deficiency in children with inflammation
is needed.
References
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defisiensi besi. In: Nasar SS, Agoesman S, editors. Naskah
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educational achievement in Thailand. Am J Clin Nutr.
1989;50:687 -97.
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Agustyn M, editors. Development and behavioural pediatrics.
A handbook for primary care. Philadelpia-Tokyo: Lippincott,
Williams & Wilkins, 2005; p.152-7.
16. Soemantri A G. Hubungan anemi kekurangan zat besi dengan
konsentrasi dan prestasi belajar [Dissertation]. Semarang:
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 1978.
17. Worwood M. Indicators of the iron status of populations:
ferritin. In: Joint World Health Organization/Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention Technical Consultation
on the Assessment of Iron Status at the Population Level.
Assessing the iron status of population. Geneva, 2004; p.
31-73.
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19. Rogers JT, Bridges KR, Dumowicz GP, Glass ], Auron PF,
Munro HN. Ferritin synthesis in response to interleukin-1. J
Bioi chem. 1990;265: 14572-8.
20. Petterson T, Kivivuori SM, Siimes MA. Is serum transferrin
receptor useful for detecting iron-deficiency in anemic
patients with chronic inflammatory disease? Brit J Rheum.
1994;33:740-4.
21. van den Broek NR, Letsky EA. Etiology of anemia in
pregnancy in south Malawi. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:24 7s-
56s.
22. Asobayire FS, Adou P, Davidsson L, Cook JD, Hurrell RF.
Prevalence of iron deficiency with and without concurrent
anemia in population groups with high prevalence of malaria
and other infections: a study in Cote d'Ivoire. Am] ClinNutr.
2001;74:776-82.
23. Pollit E. Iron deficiency and educational deficiency. Nutr
Rev. 1997;55:133-40.
Paediatr
its solution. Food Nutr Bull. 1996;17:37-41.
2. Looker AC, Dallman PR, Carroll MD, Gunter EW, Johnson
CL. Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States.
JAMA. 1997;277:973-6.
3. Soemantri AG. Childhood iron deficiency anemia and IQ.
JPOG. 1997;23:5-6.
4. HaltermanJS, KaczorowskiJM, Aligne CS, Auinger P, Szilagyi
PG. Iron deficiency and cognitive achievement among
school-aged children and adolescents in the United States.
Pediatrics. 2001; 107: 1381-6.
5. Setianingsih I. Anemia defisiensi besi dan prestasi. In:
Wahidiyat I, Gatot D, Mangunatmaja I, editors. Naskah
Lengkap Pendidikan Kedokteran Berkelanjutan Ilmu
Kesehatan Anak FKUI XXIV. 6-7 Sept 1991. Jakarta: Balai
Penerbit FKUI, 1991; p. 79-94.
6. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2000.
Jakarta: Pusat data kesehatan; 2000.
7. Abdulsalam M, Daniel A. Diagnosis, pengobatan dan
pencegahan anemia defisiensi besi. Sari Pediatri. 2002;
4:74-7.
8. Ratnadi A, Soetjiningsih. Iron status in breast-fed infants.
Pediatr Indones. 2001 ;41: 191-6.
9. Irsa L. Gangguan kognitif pada anemia defisiensi besi. Sari
Pediatri. 2002;4: 114-8.
10. McGregor SG, Ani C. A review of studies on the effect of
iron deficiency on cognitive development in children. J Nutr.
2001; 131:649S-68S.
11. Abdulsalam M. Aspek klinis dan pencegahan anemia
defisiensi besi. In: Nasar SS, Agoesman S, editors. Naskah
Lengkap Pendidikan Kedokteran Berkelanjutan Ilmu
Kesehatan Anak FKUI XIX. 8-9 Sept. 1989. Jakarta: Balai
Penerbit FKUI, 1989; p.l11-9.
12. Sayogo S, Margono SS, Suryadei MA, Dilon DH, Ismid S.
Studi anemia pada anak sekolah dasar. MKI. 1995;45:592-8.
13. Soemantri AG, Pollit E, Kim I. Iron deficiency anemia
and educational achievement. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985:42:1221-8.
14. Pollit E, Hathirat P, Kochabbhakdi NJ. Iron deficiency and
educational achievement in Thailand. Am J Clin Nutr.
1989;50:687 -97.
15. Perin EC. Chronic conditions. In: ParkerS, Zuckerman B,
Agustyn M, editors. Development and behavioural pediatrics.
A handbook for primary care. Philadelpia-Tokyo: Lippincott,
Williams & Wilkins, 2005; p.152-7.
16. Soemantri A G. Hubungan anemi kekurangan zat besi dengan
konsentrasi dan prestasi belajar [Dissertation]. Semarang:
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 1978.
17. Worwood M. Indicators of the iron status of populations:
ferritin. In: Joint World Health Organization/Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention Technical Consultation
on the Assessment of Iron Status at the Population Level.
Assessing the iron status of population. Geneva, 2004; p.
31-73.
18. Worwood M. Ferritin. Blood Rev. 1990;4:259-69.
19. Rogers JT, Bridges KR, Dumowicz GP, Glass ], Auron PF,
Munro HN. Ferritin synthesis in response to interleukin-1. J
Bioi chem. 1990;265: 14572-8.
20. Petterson T, Kivivuori SM, Siimes MA. Is serum transferrin
receptor useful for detecting iron-deficiency in anemic
patients with chronic inflammatory disease? Brit J Rheum.
1994;33:740-4.
21. van den Broek NR, Letsky EA. Etiology of anemia in
pregnancy in south Malawi. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:24 7s-
56s.
22. Asobayire FS, Adou P, Davidsson L, Cook JD, Hurrell RF.
Prevalence of iron deficiency with and without concurrent
anemia in population groups with high prevalence of malaria
and other infections: a study in Cote d'Ivoire. Am] ClinNutr.
2001;74:776-82.
23. Pollit E. Iron deficiency and educational deficiency. Nutr
Rev. 1997;55:133-40.
Paediatr
Published
2009-08-31
How to Cite
1.
Pardede P, Windiastuti E, Tridjaja B. Academic achievement of elementary school-aged children with pre-anemic iron-deficiency. PI [Internet]. 31Aug.2009 [cited 22Nov.2024];49(4):209-3. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/558
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Received 2016-09-10
Accepted 2016-09-10
Published 2009-08-31
Accepted 2016-09-10
Published 2009-08-31
