The association between onset, frequency, duration of seizure and IQ level in epileptic children
Keywords:
epilepsy, onset, frequency, duration of seizure, IQ level, Wechsler intelligence scale
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder found inall races and age groups. Epilepsy becomes a serious problem when occurs during the child's critical development period. It is known that onset, frequency, and duration of seizures are associated with IQ level. Therefore, intelligent assessment is important to determine prognostic and holistic management.
Objective To determine the association between onset, frequency, duration of seizure and IQ level in epileptic children.
Methods This cross sectional study was carried out at the
Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung,
Indonesia from October to December 2007. The subjects were
epileptic children aged 4-16 years old being treated with valproic
acid. Statistic analysis was done using logistic regression analysis, OR and RR, with 95% confidence interval.
Results There were 90 subjects with epilepsy (46 males). Twenty
subjects (22%) showed onset of seizures at < 18 months old; these subjects had 3.08 higher risk for having a low IQ level (score <90) compared to those with seizure onset at~ 18 months old (P=0.003). Sixty subjects (67%) had a seizure frequency of> 10 times annually; they had 1.68 higher risk of having a low IQ
compared to those with seizure frequency< 10 times (P=0.430).
Seven subjects (28.0%) had seizures of> 10 minutes; they had 1.17 higher risk of having a low IQ compared to those with seizures of < 10 minutes (P=0.706).
Conclusion Onset of seizures at < 18 months old is significantly
associated with low IQ level, while frequency and duration
of seizure have no significant association with lower IQ level.
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39. Hoie B. Cognitive and psychosocial problems in children with
epilepsy. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pediatrics
and Institute of Biological and Medical Psychology. Norway:
University of Bergen; 2007.
40. Budiarto G. Patofisiologi epilepsi (kaitannya dengan
pengobatan). Epilepsi. 1998;3:6-22.
41. Loiseau P, Panayiotopoulos CP. Childhood absence epilepsy
[homepage on the internet]. c2008 [cited 2008 January 20].
Available from: http://www.ilae-epilepsy.org.
42. Davis SF, Palladino JJ. Psychology. 2nd edition. London:
Prentice-Hall Inc; 1997.
Intelligence in epilepsy: a prospective study in children. Ann
Neural. 1983;14:438-44.
2. Devinsky 0, Tarulli A. Longitudinal study of cognitive change
[homepage on the internet]. c2006 [cited 2006 November
20]. Available from: http://www.epilepsy.com.
3. Ostrom KJ, Shouten AS, Kruitwagen JJ, Peters ACB,
Schinkel AJ. Not only a matter of epilepsy: early problems
of cognition and behavior in children with "epilepsy only:
a prospective, longitudinal, controlled study starting at
diagnosis". Pediatrics. 2003;112:1338-44.
4. Nolan MA, Redoblado MA, Lah S, Sabaz M, Lawson JA,
Cunningham AM, et al. Intelligence in childhood epilepsy
syndromes. Epilepsy Res. 2003;53: 139-50.
5. Cockerell OC, Shorvon SD. Epilepsy, current concepts.
London: Current Medical Literature Ltd; 1996.
6. Aicardi J. Epilepsy in children. New York: Raven Press;
2004.
7. Ansarkopi H, Korpelinen J, lsojarvi H, Souminen K, Tolonen
V, Huikuri HV General aspects of epilepsy [homepage on the
internet]. c2006 [cited 2006 November 18]. Available from:
http://www.herkules.oulu.fi.
8. Gabel S, Saikaly D. Psychiatric manifestations of epilepsy
in children and adolescents. Curr Treat Opt Neural.
2001;3:321-2.
9. McAbee GN, Wark JE. A practical approach to uncomplicated
seizures in children. Am Fam Physician. 2000;62: 1109-16.
10. WHO. Epilepsy: aetiology, epidemiology and prognosis
[homepage on the internet]. c2006 [cited 2006 November
20]. Available from: URL:http://www.who.int.
11. Pasat J. Epidemiologi epilepsi. In: Soetomenggolo T, lsmael S, editor. Buku ajar neurologi anak. 2nd edition. Jakarta: Ikatan
Dokter Anak Indonesia, 2000; p. 195-7.
12. Buku catatan medis poliklinik anak Rumah Sakit Hasan
Sadikin. Bandung: Hasan Sadikin Hospital; 2006.
13. Hermann B, Seidenberg M. Epilepsy and cognition. Epilepsy
Curr. 2007;7:1-6.
14. Perrine K, Kiolbasa T. Cognitive deficits in epilepsy and
contribution to psychopathology. Neurology. 1999;53:S39-48.
15. Leonard EL, George MRM. Psychosocial and neuropsychological
function in children with epilepsy. Pediatric
Rehabilitation. 1999;3:73-80.
16. Elliot IRN, Lach LCSW, Smith ML. Epilepsy: impact on the
life of the child [homepage on the internet]. c2006 [cited
2006 November 18]. Available from: URL:http://www.
epilepsy. com.
17. Nolan MA, Redoblado MA, Lah S, Sabaz M, Lawson JA,
Cunningham AM, et al. Intelligence in childhood epilepsy
syndrome. Epilepsy Res. 2003;53: 139-50.
18. Chennai PC. Epilepsy and learning disabilities [homepage on
the internet]. c2006 [cited 2006 November 18]. Available
from: URL:http://www.childraise.com.
19. Worich DL, Kaplan AM, Deering WM. Children with
epilepsy in school: special service usage and assessment
practices. Psycho! Schs. 2006;43:169-81.
20. Singhi PD, Bansal U, Singhi S, Pershad D. Determinants of
IQ profile in children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
Epilepsia. 1992;33:1106-14.
21. Kessler A, Fernandez J. Epilepsy news: study to measure
impact of epilepsy and epilepsy medication on cognitive
ability in children [hompage on the internet]. c2006 [cited
2006 November 19]. Available from: http://www.epilepsy.
com.
22. Dodrill CB. Neuropsychological effects of seizures. Epilepsy
Behaviour. 2004;5:S21-4.
23. Hoch DB, Hill RA, Oas KH. Epilepsy and mental decline.
Neural Clin. 1994; 12:101-13.
24. Bailet LL, Turk WR. The impact of childhood epilepsy on
neurocognitive and behavioral performance: a prospective
longitudinal study. Epilepsia 2000;41 :4 26-31.
25. British Columbia Epilepsy Society. Learning difficulties and
epilepsy [homepage on the internet]. c2006 [cited 2006
November 20]. Available from: http://www.bcepilepsy.com.
26. Sturniolo MG, Galleti F. Epilepsy and school achievement.
Arch Dis Child. 1994;70:424-8.
27. Ellenberg JH, Hirtz DG, Nelson KB. Do seizures in
children cause intellectual deterioration? N Eng! J Med.
1986;314: 1085-8.
28. Adachi N, Kanemoto K, Muramatsu R, Kato M, Akanuma N,
Ito M, et al. Intellectual prognosis of status epileptic us in adult
epilepsy patients: analysis with Wechsler adult intelligence
scale-revised. Epilepsia. 2005;46: 1502-9.
29. Sillanpaa M. Epilepsy in children: prevalence, disability and
handicap. Epilepsia. 1992;33:444-9.
30. Bennett TL, editor. The neuropsychology of epilepsy. New
York: Plenum Press; 1992.
31. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children [homepage on the
internet]. c2006 [cited 2006 January 15]. Available from:
URL:http://www.wikipedia.com.
32. Aicardi J. Epilepsy in children. New York: Raven Press;
2004.
33. Henkin Y, Sadeh M, Kivity S, Shabtai E, Rabin LK, Gadoth
N. Cognitive function in idiopathic generalized epilepsy of
childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47:126-32.
34. Mac TL, Tran OS, Quet F, Odermatt P, Preux PM, Tan
CT. Epidemiology, aetiology, and clinical management of
epilepsy in asia: a systematic review. Lancet. 2007;6:533-43.
35. Strydom J, Plessis SO. IQ test: where does it come from
and what does it measure? [homepage on the internet].
c2006 [cited 2006 June 18]. Available from: http://www.
audiblox2000.com.
36. Jacoby A, Baker GA, Steen N, Potts P, Chadwick OW. The
clinical course of epilepsy and its psychosocial correlates:
findings from a U.K. community study. J Inter League Against
Epilepsy. 1996;3 7:1948-61.
37. Alvarez N. Epilepsy in children with mental retardation
[homepage on the internet]. c2008 [cited 2008 February
20]. Available from: http://www.emedicine.com.
38. Vasconcellos E, Wyllie E, Sullivan S, Stanford L, Bulacio J,
Kotagal P, et al. Mental retardation in pediatric candidates
for epilepsy surgery: the role of early seizure onset. Epilepsia.
2001;42:268-74.
39. Hoie B. Cognitive and psychosocial problems in children with
epilepsy. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pediatrics
and Institute of Biological and Medical Psychology. Norway:
University of Bergen; 2007.
40. Budiarto G. Patofisiologi epilepsi (kaitannya dengan
pengobatan). Epilepsi. 1998;3:6-22.
41. Loiseau P, Panayiotopoulos CP. Childhood absence epilepsy
[homepage on the internet]. c2008 [cited 2008 January 20].
Available from: http://www.ilae-epilepsy.org.
42. Davis SF, Palladino JJ. Psychology. 2nd edition. London:
Prentice-Hall Inc; 1997.
Published
2009-07-01
How to Cite
1.
Yulia Y, Effendi S, Setiabudiawan B. The association between onset, frequency, duration of seizure and IQ level in epileptic children. PI [Internet]. 1Jul.2009 [cited 26Apr.2024];49(3):177-1. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/548
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Received 2016-09-10
Accepted 2016-09-10
Published 2009-07-01
Accepted 2016-09-10
Published 2009-07-01
