Risk factors of developmental delay: a community-based study
Keywords:
children, developmental delay, risk factors, screening developmental, questionnaire
Abstract
Background Developmental delay is a common problem inchildren. Early detection of this disorders is mandatory in order
to provide early interventions. Identification of the risk factors is
important for strategic intervention.
Objective To identify risk factors of developmental delay in
children under five years old.
Metlwds A community-based study of developmental screening
was conducted, in Bambanglipuro, Bantul district, Province of
Yogyakarta, between September and October 2007. Developmental
screening was performed using a Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan
(KPSP).
Results Out of 632 children aged 3 to 60 months, 407 (64%) had
normal development, 81 (28%) doubtful and 43 (8%) suspected
developmental delay. A number of factors identified as the risk
of suspected developmental delay were undernourished (OR 2.3,
95%CI 1.1 ; 4.8) , low birth weight (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.1 ; 6.1), low
educational level of mother (O R 2.5, 95%CI 1.3; 4.9) , working
mother (O R 1.8, 95%CI 1; 3.5), and poor socio-economic status
(SES) families (OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.3; 5.4). Multivariate logistic
regression analysis showed that poor SES was the strongest risk
factor of suspected developmental delay (adjusted OR 2.8, 95%CI
1.4;5.7) .
Conclusions Poverty, low maternal educational level and
intrauterine malnutrition during as well as malnutrition during
infant period are risk factors of developmental delay. Integrated
strategies should be conducted to solve the problems to prevent
more children suferred from developmental delay.
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health impact of developmental disabilities in US children.
Pediatrics 1994;93:399-403.
2. Bailey DB, Hebbeler K, Scarborough A, Spiker D, Mallik
S. First experiences with early intervention: a national
perspective. Pediatrics 2004; 113:887-96.
3. Direktorat Bina Kesehatan Keluarga. Direktorat Jendral
Pembinaan Kesehatan Masyarakat. Pedoman deteksi dini
tumbuh kembang balita. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan
RI; 1998.
4. Needlman RD. Growth and development. In Behrman RE,
Kliegman, RM, Jenson HB, editors. Nelson textbook of
pediatrics. 17th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company;
2004. p. 23-66.
5. McGregor SG, Cheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L,
Strupp B. Developmental potential in the first five years
for children in developing countries. Lancet 2007 ;369:60-
70.
6. Rydz D, Srour M, Osko ui M, Marget N , Shiller M,
Birnbaum R eta/. Screening for developmental delay in
the setting of a community pediatric clinic: a prospective
assessmen t of parent-report questionnaires. Pediatrics
2006; 11 8: 1178-86.
7. Walker SP, Wachs T, Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman GA,
Pollitt E et a/. Child development: risk factors for adverse
outcomes in developing countries. Lancet 2007;369: 145-57.
8. Engle PL, Black MM, Behrman JR, De Mello MC, Gertler PJ,
Kapriri L eta!. Strategies to avoid the loss of developmental
potential in more than 200 million children in the developing
world. Lancet 2007 ;369:229- 42.
9. Dhamayanti M. Kuesioner praskring perkembangan (KPSP)
anak. Sari Pediatri 2006;8:9-15.
10. Frankenburg WK, van Doorninck WJ, Liddell TN, Dick
NP. T he Denver Pre-screening Developmental Questioner
(PDQ). Pediatrics 1976;57:744-53.
11. Frankenburg WK, Fandal A W, Kemper MB. Developmental
screening. In: Frankenburg W K, Thornton SM, Cohrs
ME, editors. Pediatric developmental diagnosis. New York:
Thieme Stratton, Inc; 198 1. p. 3 14-7.
12. Direktorat Bina Kesehatan Keluarga. Direktorat Jendral
Pembinaan Kesehatan Masyarakat. Pedoman pelaksanaa
stimulasi, deteksi dan intervensi dini tumbuh kembang anak
di tingkat pelayanan kesehatan dasar. Jakarta: Departemen
Kesehatan RI; 2006.
13. World Health Organization. WHO child growth standards.
Manual book of Training Course on child growth assessment.
W H0 ;2006.
14. Biro Pusat Statistik. Survey sosial ekonomi nasional. BPS; 2004.
15. Schady N, Paxson C. Cognitive development among young
children in Ecuador: T he roles of healt h, wealth and
parenting. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3605,
May, 2005. Washington DC: World Bank, 2005.
16. De Orris M, Blossner M, Villar J. Levels and patterns of
intrauterine growth retardation in developing countries. Eur
J Clin Nutr 1998;52:S5-15.
17. Grantham-McGregor SM, Lira PI, Ashworth A, Morris SS,
Assuncao AM. The development of low birth weight term
infants and the effects of the environment in northeast Brazil.
J Pediatr 1998;132:661-6.
18. Villar J, Smeriglio V, Martorell R, Brown CH, Klein
RE. Heterogeneous growth and mental development of
intrauterine growth-retarded infants during the first three
years of life. Pediatrics 1984; 74:783-91.
19. Gardner JM, Walker SP, Powell CA, Grantham-McGregor S.
A randomized controlled trial of a home-visiting intervention
on cognition and behavior in term low birth weight infants.
J Pediatr 2003;143:634-39.
Published
2016-09-26
How to Cite
1.
Sitaresmi M, Ismail D, Wahab A. Risk factors of developmental delay: a community-based study. PI [Internet]. 26Sep.2016 [cited 24Apr.2024];48(3):161-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/525
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Received 2016-09-09
Accepted 2016-09-09
Published 2016-09-26
Accepted 2016-09-09
Published 2016-09-26
