Risk factors and outcomes, a case series of ischemic stroke in children
Keywords:
ischemic stroke, children
Abstract
Ischemic strokes in children, although generallyrare events, are more prevalent than commonly
believed. Ischemic stroke in children have been
associated with coagulation disorders, cardiac
anomalies, infections and trauma.
References
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institute of neurological disorders and stroke workshop on
perinatal and childhood stroke. Pediatrics. 2002; 109: 116-23.
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Clin N Am. 2002;20: 1079-1100.
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Dumas R. Cerebrovascular disease in children under 16
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clinical feature from 1985 to 1993. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;
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Kirkham FJ. Investigation of risk factors in children with
arterial ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol. 2003;53: 167-173.
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prognostic indicators of outcome in ischemic childhood
stroke. Pediatr Neurol. 2002;24:283-9.
13. Takeoka M, Takahashi T. Infectious and inflammatory
disorders of the circulatory system and stroke in childhood.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 2002; 15:159-64.
14. Jordan LC. Stroke in childhood. The Neurologist. 2006;
12(2) :94-102.
15. Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriera OM. Pediatric Neurology
Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier,
2006; p. 1759-69.
16. deVeberG, Monagle P,ChanA, MacGregor DL, Curtis R, Lee
S, et al. Prothrombotic disorders of infants and children with
cerebral thromboembolism. Arch Neural. 1998;55: 1539-
1543.
17. Williams LS, Garg BP, Cohen M, Fleck JD, Biller J. Subtypes
of ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Neural.
1997;49: 1541-5.
18. Rehman HU. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system.
J R Soc Med. 2000; 93:586-588.
19. Shaffer L, Rich PM, Pohl KRE, Ganesan V. Can mild head injury
cause ischaemic stroke? Arch Dis Child. 2003; 88:267-9.
20. Rana KS, Beher MK, Adhikari. Ischemic stroke following
mild head injury: Is it the cause? Indian Pediatrics. 2006;43:
994-997.
64 • Paediatr Indones, Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2009
21. Royal College of Physicians, London. Paediatric Stroke
Working Group Stroke in Childhood. Clinical Guidelines
for diagnosis, management and rehabilitation. 2004
November [Cited 2007 November 12]. Available from:
W ww. rcplondon. ac . uk/ pubs !books/childstroke/childstroke _
guidelines.pdf
22. Bauer KA. The Thrombophilias: well-defined risk factors
with uncertain therapeutic implications. Ann Intern Med.
2001;135:367-73.
23. Lanthier S, Carmant L, David M, Larbisseau A, de Veber G.
Stroke in children: the coexistence of multiple risk factors
predicts poor outcome. Neurology. 2000;54:371.
24. de Veber GA, MacGregor D, Curtis R, Mayank S.
Neurologic outcome in survivors of childhood arterial
ischemic stroke and sinovenosus thrombosis. J Child
Neural. 2000; 15:316-24.
25. Ganesan V, Hogan A, Shack N, Gordon A, Isaacs E, Kirkham
E Outcome after ischaemic stroke in childhood. Dev Med
Child Neural. 2000;42:455-461.
institute of neurological disorders and stroke workshop on
perinatal and childhood stroke. Pediatrics. 2002; 109: 116-23.
2. Carvalho KS, Garg BP. Arterial strokes in children. Neurol
Clin N Am. 2002;20: 1079-1100.
3. Lynch JK. Cerebrovascular disorders in children. Current
Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2004;4: 129-38.
4. Schoenberg BS, Mellinger JF, Schoenberg DG. Cerebro-
vascular disease in infants and children: a study of incidence,
clinical feature, and survival. Neurology. 1978;28:763-68.
5. Giround M, Lemesle M, Gouyun JB, Nivelon JL,Milan C,
Dumas R. Cerebrovascular disease in children under 16
years of age in Dijon, France: a study of incidence and
clinical feature from 1985 to 1993. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;
48:1343-48.
6. Ganesan V, Prengler M, McShane MA,Wade AM, and
Kirkham FJ. Investigation of risk factors in children with
arterial ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol. 2003;53: 167-173.
7. PeBenito R. Easy and practical pediatric neurology.
Phillippines: WRB&A publishing house, 1999; p. 225-9.
8. Kliegman RM, Greenbaum LA. Practical Strategies in
Pediatric Diagnosis and Therapy, 2nd ed. Philadelphia:
Elsevier Saunders, 2004; p. 72 7-41.
9. Gabis LV, Yangala R, Lenn NJ. Time lag to diagnosis of stroke
in children. Pediatrics. 2002; 110(5) :924-8.
10. Carlin TM, Chanmugam A. Stroke in children. Emerg Med
Clin N Am. 2002;20:671-85.
II. Soetomenggolo TS, Ismael S. Buku ajar neurologi anak.
Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia, 1999; p. 388.
12. Delsing BJ, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Appel IM. Early
prognostic indicators of outcome in ischemic childhood
stroke. Pediatr Neurol. 2002;24:283-9.
13. Takeoka M, Takahashi T. Infectious and inflammatory
disorders of the circulatory system and stroke in childhood.
Current Opinion in Neurology. 2002; 15:159-64.
14. Jordan LC. Stroke in childhood. The Neurologist. 2006;
12(2) :94-102.
15. Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriera OM. Pediatric Neurology
Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier,
2006; p. 1759-69.
16. deVeberG, Monagle P,ChanA, MacGregor DL, Curtis R, Lee
S, et al. Prothrombotic disorders of infants and children with
cerebral thromboembolism. Arch Neural. 1998;55: 1539-
1543.
17. Williams LS, Garg BP, Cohen M, Fleck JD, Biller J. Subtypes
of ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Neural.
1997;49: 1541-5.
18. Rehman HU. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system.
J R Soc Med. 2000; 93:586-588.
19. Shaffer L, Rich PM, Pohl KRE, Ganesan V. Can mild head injury
cause ischaemic stroke? Arch Dis Child. 2003; 88:267-9.
20. Rana KS, Beher MK, Adhikari. Ischemic stroke following
mild head injury: Is it the cause? Indian Pediatrics. 2006;43:
994-997.
64 • Paediatr Indones, Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2009
21. Royal College of Physicians, London. Paediatric Stroke
Working Group Stroke in Childhood. Clinical Guidelines
for diagnosis, management and rehabilitation. 2004
November [Cited 2007 November 12]. Available from:
W ww. rcplondon. ac . uk/ pubs !books/childstroke/childstroke _
guidelines.pdf
22. Bauer KA. The Thrombophilias: well-defined risk factors
with uncertain therapeutic implications. Ann Intern Med.
2001;135:367-73.
23. Lanthier S, Carmant L, David M, Larbisseau A, de Veber G.
Stroke in children: the coexistence of multiple risk factors
predicts poor outcome. Neurology. 2000;54:371.
24. de Veber GA, MacGregor D, Curtis R, Mayank S.
Neurologic outcome in survivors of childhood arterial
ischemic stroke and sinovenosus thrombosis. J Child
Neural. 2000; 15:316-24.
25. Ganesan V, Hogan A, Shack N, Gordon A, Isaacs E, Kirkham
E Outcome after ischaemic stroke in childhood. Dev Med
Child Neural. 2000;42:455-461.
Published
2009-03-01
How to Cite
1.
Anggriawan S, Mangunatmadja lrawan, Gatot D, lsmael S, Advani N. Risk factors and outcomes, a case series of ischemic stroke in children. PI [Internet]. 1Mar.2009 [cited 23Dec.2024];49(1):59-4. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/457
Section
Case Report
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Received 2016-09-05
Accepted 2016-09-05
Published 2009-03-01
Accepted 2016-09-05
Published 2009-03-01
