Quality of home stimulation and language development in children aged 12-24 months living in orphanages and family homes
Keywords:
home stimulation, language development, orphanages
Abstract
Background Language development is fundamental for children'sintellectual development. Therefore, early stimulation in the
first three years of life play an important role especially in
disadvantaged communities such as foster homes.
Objective To determine the quality of home stimulation and
language development, and their correlations in children living
in orphanages and family homes.
Methods This study was conducted between December 2007 and
January 2008. Subjects were recruited from several orphanages
in Jakarta, Tangerang, Bogor, also three posyandus in Jakarta and
Tangerang. The quality of home stimulation was assessed using
Home Stimulation Observation for the Measurement of the
Environment (HOME) scores, while language development was
assessed using Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale
Development Quotient (CLAMS DQ).
Results A total of 80 healthy children, consisting of 40 children
in orphanages and 40 in family homes were enrolled. Inadequate
stimulation and language delay were found to be significantly
higher in the orphanage group (52.5% vs. 27.5%; P=0.022 and
57.5% vs. 10%; P<0.001, respectively). HOME Scores and
CLAMS DQ were also significantly lower in the orphanage
group compared to those in the family home group (25.6 vs
31.5; P<0.001 and 84.0 vs 110.7; P=0.002). Logistic regression
revealed that caregiver-child attachment time was the only
risk factor for language delay (OR 32.32; P<0.0001), in both
orphanages and family homes.
Result The quality of home stimulation is lower in the orphanages,
which results in a higher rate of language delay in children aged
12-24Â months.
References
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McGregor S. Mothers of undernourished Jamaican children
have poorer psychosocial functioning and this is associated
with stimulation provided in the home. Eur J Clin Nutr.
2003;57:786-92.
11. Agrawal P, Gulati JK. The patterns of infant-mother
attachment as a function of home environment. J Hum Ecol.
2005;18:287-93.
12. Lozoff B, Park AM, Radan AE, Wolf AW Using HOME
inventory with infants in Costa Rica. Int Soc Study Behav
Dev. 1995;18:277-95.
13. McCue Horwitz S, Irwin JR, Briggs-Gowan MJ, Bosson
Heenan JM, Mendoza J, Carter AS. Language delay in a
community cohort of young children. J Am Acad Child
Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;42:932-40.
14. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for speech
and language delay in preschool children: recommendation
statement. AAFP. 2006; 7 3: 1605-10.
15. Stock CD, Fisher PA. Language delays among foster
children: implications for policy and practice. Child Welfare.
2006;85:445-61.
16. Dupree D, Stephens SA. Foster care and early child
development: implications for child welfare policy and
practice. CAPO. 2002:1-15.
17. Frank DA, Kla ss PE, Earls F, Eisenberg L. Infants and young
children in orphanage: one view from pediatrics and child
32 • Paediatr Indones, Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2009
psychiatry. Pediatrics. 1996;97 :569-78.
18. Bradley RH, Corwyn RF, White s ide-Mansell L. Life at
home: same time, different places- an examination of the
HOME inventor y in different cultures. Early Dev Parent.
1996;5:251-69.
perkembangan balita. Presented at Symposium and
Workshop: Towards optimal child growth and development;
2003 Sep 12-14; Jakarta.
2. Ginsburg KR, Committee on Communications and the
Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family
Health. The importance of play in promoting healthy child
development and maintaining strong parent-child bonds.
Pediatrics. 2007;119:183-91.
3. Simms MD, Freundlich M. Foster care. In: Behrman RE,
Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, editors. Nelson's Textbook of Pedia-
trics, 17th edition. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004; p. 114-5.
4. O'Hara MT, Church CC, Blatt SO. Home-based develop-
mental screening of children in foster care. Pediatric N urs.
1998;24:113-7.
5. Troutman B, Ryan S, Cardi M. The effects of foster care
placement on young children's mental health. Available
from: http: //www.medicine.uiowa.edu/ icmh / archives / reports /
Foster_ care.pdf
6. Schum RL. Language screening in the pediatric office setting.
Pediatr Clin N Am. 2007;54:425-36.
7. Feldman HM. Evaluation and management of language
and speech disorders in preschool children. Pediatr Rev.
2005;26: 131-40.
8. Bornstein MH, Leach DB. Vocabulary competence in first-
and secondborn siblings of the same chronological age. J
Child Lang. 2004;31:855-73.
9. Andrade SA, Santos ON, Bastos AC, Pedromonico MRM,
Fllho NA, Barreto ML. Family environment and child's
cognitive development: an epidemiological approach. Rev
Saude Publica. 2005 ;39:606-11.
10. Baker-Henningham H, Powell C, Walker S, Grantham-
McGregor S. Mothers of undernourished Jamaican children
have poorer psychosocial functioning and this is associated
with stimulation provided in the home. Eur J Clin Nutr.
2003;57:786-92.
11. Agrawal P, Gulati JK. The patterns of infant-mother
attachment as a function of home environment. J Hum Ecol.
2005;18:287-93.
12. Lozoff B, Park AM, Radan AE, Wolf AW Using HOME
inventory with infants in Costa Rica. Int Soc Study Behav
Dev. 1995;18:277-95.
13. McCue Horwitz S, Irwin JR, Briggs-Gowan MJ, Bosson
Heenan JM, Mendoza J, Carter AS. Language delay in a
community cohort of young children. J Am Acad Child
Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;42:932-40.
14. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for speech
and language delay in preschool children: recommendation
statement. AAFP. 2006; 7 3: 1605-10.
15. Stock CD, Fisher PA. Language delays among foster
children: implications for policy and practice. Child Welfare.
2006;85:445-61.
16. Dupree D, Stephens SA. Foster care and early child
development: implications for child welfare policy and
practice. CAPO. 2002:1-15.
17. Frank DA, Kla ss PE, Earls F, Eisenberg L. Infants and young
children in orphanage: one view from pediatrics and child
32 • Paediatr Indones, Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2009
psychiatry. Pediatrics. 1996;97 :569-78.
18. Bradley RH, Corwyn RF, White s ide-Mansell L. Life at
home: same time, different places- an examination of the
HOME inventor y in different cultures. Early Dev Parent.
1996;5:251-69.
Published
2009-03-01
How to Cite
1.
Mulyadi Y, Soedjatmiko S, Pusponegoro H. Quality of home stimulation and language development in children aged 12-24 months living in orphanages and family homes. PI [Internet]. 1Mar.2009 [cited 20Apr.2024];49(1):25-2. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/452
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Received 2016-09-05
Accepted 2016-09-05
Published 2009-03-01
Accepted 2016-09-05
Published 2009-03-01
