Natural course of gastroesophageal reflux disease during infancy - six-month follow-up
Keywords:
regurgitation, gastroesophageal reflux
Abstract
Background Very few data have been published about the naturalcourse of gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) symptoms during
infancy; further, no risk factors of GER disease (GERD) have been
identified.
Objectives To determine the prevalence and natural course of
regurgitation in infancy and factors of gastroesophageal reflux
disease.
Methods A cohort of 223 healthy infants who attended Integrated
Health Services run by local housewife (Posyandu) of Ciputat –
suburb of Jakarta – between March and November 2005.
Information on subjects’ history of regurgitation and other reflux-
related symptoms was obtained by interviewing mother and diary
record. Subjects were followed up to age of 1 year irrespective of
the clinical status.
Results At 6 months of age most infants (56.5%) had regurgitation
1 to 3 days per week and only 2.7% infants regurgitated daily.
Regurgitation 1 to 3 episodes per day was found in 92.8% of
subjects. The proportion of infants regurgitation decreased
gradually with age; the proportion for the consecutive 6 to 11
month was 100%, 65.5%, 33.6%, 14.3%, 3.6% and 1.3%,
respectively. At the age of 1 year no infants was found to be
regurgitated. Related symptoms included hiccup (58.3%),
vomiting (23.3%) and back arching (2.2%). Feeding problem
occurred in 34.1% infants and occurred more likely in infants
who regurgitate daily compared to 4 – 6 day per week (OR 3.5;
95%CI 2.2;5.6) and 1 – 3 day per week (OR 1.8; 95%CI 0.6;0.9).
Conclusions Regurgitation in infancy disappears spontaneously
with age. Reflux-related symptoms are hiccup, vomiting and back
arching. Feeding problem occurs most likely in infants who
regurgitate daily.
References
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6. Jung AD. Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children.
Am Fam Physician 2002;64:1853-60.
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8. Nelson SP, Chen EH, Syniar GM, Chistoffel KK. One-year
follow-up of symptom of gastroesophageal reflux during
infancy. Pediatr 1998;102:e67.
9. Martin AJ, Pratt N, Kennedy JD, Ryan P, Ruffin RE, Marley
J. Natural history and familial relationships of infant spilling
to 9 years of age. Pediatr 2002;109:1061-7.
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of gastro-esophageal reflux in infants irritability. Arch Dis
Child 1995;73:121-5.
11. Salvatore S, Hauser B, Vandenplas Y. The natural course of
gastro-oesophageal reflux. Acta Paediatr 2004;93:1063-9.
12. Orenstein SR, Shalaby TM, Cohn JF. Reflux symptoms in
100 normal infants: diagnostic validity of the infant
gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire. Clin Pediatr
1996;35:607-14.
13. De S, Rajeswari K, Kalra KK, Gondal R, Mittal SK.
Gastrooesophageal reflux in infants and children in North
India. Trop Gastroenterol 2001;22:99-102.
14. Omari TI, Barnett CP, Benninga MA, Lontis R, Goodchild
L, Haslam RR, et al. Mechanisms of gastro-oesophageal reflux
in preterm and term infants with reflux disease. Gut
2002;51:475-9.
15. Mathisen B, Worrall L, Masel J, Wall C, Shepherd RW.
Feeding problems in infants with gastro-esophageal reflux
disease: a controlled study. J Pediatr Child Health
1999;35:163-9.
16. Hyman PE. Gastroesophageal reflux: one reason why baby
won’t eat. J Pediatr 1994;125:S103-9.
17. Douglas JE, Bryon M. Interview data on severe behavioural
eating difficulties in young children. Arch Dis Child
1996;75:304-8.
18. Rommel N, De Meyer AM, Feenstra L, Veereman-Wauters
G. The complexity of feeding problems in 700 infants and
young children presenting to a tertiary care institution. J
Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;37:75-84.
Am J Med 1997;103:114S-8S.
2. Hegar B, Boediarso A, Firmansyah A, Vandenplas Y.
Investigation of regurgitation and other symptoms of
gastroesophageal reflux in Indonesian infants. World J
Gastroenterol 2004;10:1795-7.
3. Osatakul S, Sriplung H, Puetpaiboon A, Junjana C,
Chamnongpakdi S. Prevalence and natural course of
gastroesophageal reflux symptoms: A 1-year cohort study in
Thai infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2002;34:63-7.
4. Miyazawa R, Tomomasa T, Kaneko H, Tachibana A, Ogawa
T, Morikawa A. Prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux-
related symptoms in Japanese infants. Pediatr Int 2002;
44:513-6.
5. Nelson SP, Chen EH, Syniar GM, Christoffel KK. Prevalence
of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux during infancy. Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:569-72.
6. Jung AD. Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children.
Am Fam Physician 2002;64:1853-60.
7. Orenstein SR, Izadnia F, Khan S. Gastroesophageal reflux
disease in children. Gastroenterol Clin 1999;28:946-69.
8. Nelson SP, Chen EH, Syniar GM, Chistoffel KK. One-year
follow-up of symptom of gastroesophageal reflux during
infancy. Pediatr 1998;102:e67.
9. Martin AJ, Pratt N, Kennedy JD, Ryan P, Ruffin RE, Marley
J. Natural history and familial relationships of infant spilling
to 9 years of age. Pediatr 2002;109:1061-7.
10. Heine RG, Lubitz L, Cameron DCS, Catto-Smith AG. Role
of gastro-esophageal reflux in infants irritability. Arch Dis
Child 1995;73:121-5.
11. Salvatore S, Hauser B, Vandenplas Y. The natural course of
gastro-oesophageal reflux. Acta Paediatr 2004;93:1063-9.
12. Orenstein SR, Shalaby TM, Cohn JF. Reflux symptoms in
100 normal infants: diagnostic validity of the infant
gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire. Clin Pediatr
1996;35:607-14.
13. De S, Rajeswari K, Kalra KK, Gondal R, Mittal SK.
Gastrooesophageal reflux in infants and children in North
India. Trop Gastroenterol 2001;22:99-102.
14. Omari TI, Barnett CP, Benninga MA, Lontis R, Goodchild
L, Haslam RR, et al. Mechanisms of gastro-oesophageal reflux
in preterm and term infants with reflux disease. Gut
2002;51:475-9.
15. Mathisen B, Worrall L, Masel J, Wall C, Shepherd RW.
Feeding problems in infants with gastro-esophageal reflux
disease: a controlled study. J Pediatr Child Health
1999;35:163-9.
16. Hyman PE. Gastroesophageal reflux: one reason why baby
won’t eat. J Pediatr 1994;125:S103-9.
17. Douglas JE, Bryon M. Interview data on severe behavioural
eating difficulties in young children. Arch Dis Child
1996;75:304-8.
18. Rommel N, De Meyer AM, Feenstra L, Veereman-Wauters
G. The complexity of feeding problems in 700 infants and
young children presenting to a tertiary care institution. J
Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;37:75-84.
Published
2007-10-31
How to Cite
1.
Hidayati E, Firmansyah A, Tumbelaka A. Natural course of gastroesophageal reflux disease during infancy - six-month follow-up. PI [Internet]. 31Oct.2007 [cited 25Apr.2024];47(5):211-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/416
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Received 2016-09-01
Accepted 2016-09-01
Published 2007-10-31
Accepted 2016-09-01
Published 2007-10-31
