Metabolic syndrome and visceral fat thickness in obese adolescents
Keywords:
obese adolescents, metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, visceral fat thicknes
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the long-termconsequences of obesity which can be found in adolescents. MS is
caused by excessive visceral fat accumulation. The visceral fat
thickness (VFT) itself can be measured by using waist circumference
(WC) measurement and abdominal ultrasonography. Until now,
there are no WC and VFT cut-off points to predict MS in children
and adolescents. This study used MS criteria based on National
Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III
(NCEP-ATP III) which specifically modified.
Objective The objectives of this study are (a) to determine the MS
ocurrence based on modified NCEP-ATP III in obese adolescents;
(b) to measure the VFT by using abdominal ultrasonography in obese
adolescent with MS and obese adolescent without MS.
Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from March to
May 2006. Fifty obese adolescents were recruited from several
junior and senior high schools in Jakarta.
Results Of those 50 obese adolescents, there were 34 subjects with
WC>P 80Â and 16 subjects with WC <P 80 . Of those 34 subjects
with WC>P 80 , 17 subjects had MS and the others had no MS. All
the 16 subjects with WC <P 80 did not have MS. The VFT in 17
subjects with WC>P 80Â who had MS was 5.19 cm (SD 2.07 cm).
The VFT in 17 subjects with WC>P 80 who had no MS was 3.94
cm (SD 1.62 cm). The VFT in all 16 subjects with WC <P 80 who
did not have MS was 3.54 cm (SD 0.92 cm). All obese adolescents
with MS had WC>P 80Â and they also had visceral fat which was
thicker than obese adolescents without MS.
Conclusions All obese adolescents with MS have WC>P 80Â and
thicker visceral fat than obese adolescents without MS; the VFT
of obese adolescents without MS, who had WC>P 80 was 3.94
cm (SD 1.62 cm), and the VFT of obese adolescents without MS,
who had WC <P 80 was 3.54 cm (SD 0.92 cm).
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ultrasonography. Obes Res 2003;11:1488-94.
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J 1995;311:158-61.
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obesitas di Indonesia; 2002 November 16; Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Bouchard C, et al. Combined influence of body mass index and
waist circumference on coronary artery disease risk factors among
children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2005;115:1623-30.
16. Wajchenberg BL. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue:
their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev
2000;21:697-738.
17. Lyon CJ, Law RE, Hsueh WA. Minireview: adiposity,
inflammation, and atherogenesis. Endocrinology 2003;
144:2195-2200.
18. Harsha DW, Bray GA. Body composition and childhood
obesity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1996;25:871-85.
19. Goran MI, Gower BA. Relation between visceral fat and
disease risk in children and adolescent. Am J Clin Nutr
1999;70:S149-56.
20. Stolk RP, Meijer R, Mali W, Grobbee DE, van der Graaf Y.
Ultrasound measurements of intra-abdominal fat estimate
the metabolic syndrome better than do measurements of waist
circumference. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:857-60.
Trihono PP, Pujiarto PS, Sjarif DR, Hegar B, Gunardi H,
Oswari H, Kadim M, editors. Naskah lengkap PKB-IKA XLV.
Hot topics in pediatrics II. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 2002.
p. 219-34.
2. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome.
Lancet 2005;365:1415-28.
3. Vitarius JA. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 2005;72:257-62.
4. Jessup A, Harrell JS. The metabolic syndrome: look for it
in children and adolescents, too. Clinical Diabetes
2005;23:26-32.
5. Stolk RP, Wink O, Zelissen PMJ, Meijer R, van Gils APG,
Grobbee DE. Validity and reproducibility of ultrasonography
for the measurement of intra-abdominal adipose tissue. Int J
Obes 2001;25:1356-61.
6. Ribeiro-Filho FF, Faria AN, Kohlmann O, Ajzen S, Ribeiro
AB, Zanella MT, et al. Ultrasonography for the evaluation
of visceral fat and cardiovascular risk. Hypertension
2001;38:713-7.
7. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Kotler DP, Ross R. Body
mass index and waist circumference independently contribute
to the prediction of nonabdominal, abdominal subcutaneous,
and visceral fat. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:863-8.
8. Miranda PJ, DeFronzo RA, Califf RM, Guyton JR. Metabolic
syndrome: Definition, pathophysiology, and mechanism. Am
Heart J 2005;149:33-45.
9. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working
Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.
The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment
of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics
2004;114:555-76.
10. Taylor RW, Jones IE, Williams SM, Goulding A. Evaluation
of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and the conicity
index as screening tools for high trunk fat mass, as measured
by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, in children aged 3-19
y. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:490-5.
11. Duncan GE, Li SM, Zhou XH. Prevalence and trends of a
metabolic syndrome phenotype among U.S. adolescents,
1999-2000. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2438-43.
12. Ribeiro-Filho FF, Faria AN, Azjen S, Zanella MT, Ferreira
SRG. Methods of estimation of visceral fat: advantages of
ultrasonography. Obes Res 2003;11:1488-94.
13. Lean MEJ, Han TS, Morrison CE. Waist circumference as a
measure for indicating need for weight management. Br Med
J 1995;311:158-61.
14. Tjokroprawiro A. Is obesity a national epidemic in Indonesia?
(focus on obesity and insulin resistance). Simposium masalah
obesitas di Indonesia; 2002 November 16; Jakarta, Indonesia.
15. Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Srinivasan SR, Chen W, Malina RM,
Bouchard C, et al. Combined influence of body mass index and
waist circumference on coronary artery disease risk factors among
children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2005;115:1623-30.
16. Wajchenberg BL. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue:
their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev
2000;21:697-738.
17. Lyon CJ, Law RE, Hsueh WA. Minireview: adiposity,
inflammation, and atherogenesis. Endocrinology 2003;
144:2195-2200.
18. Harsha DW, Bray GA. Body composition and childhood
obesity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1996;25:871-85.
19. Goran MI, Gower BA. Relation between visceral fat and
disease risk in children and adolescent. Am J Clin Nutr
1999;70:S149-56.
20. Stolk RP, Meijer R, Mali W, Grobbee DE, van der Graaf Y.
Ultrasound measurements of intra-abdominal fat estimate
the metabolic syndrome better than do measurements of waist
circumference. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:857-60.
Published
2007-07-01
How to Cite
1.
Gultom L, Sjarif D, Ifran E, Trihono P, Batubara J. Metabolic syndrome and visceral fat thickness in obese adolescents. PI [Internet]. 1Jul.2007 [cited 23Nov.2024];47(3):124-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/358
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Received 2016-08-25
Accepted 2016-08-25
Published 2007-07-01
Accepted 2016-08-25
Published 2007-07-01
