Shigellosis in children less than five years in urban slum area: a study at primary health care in Jakarta
Keywords:
shigellosis, children, clinical manifestation, antibiotic resistance
Abstract
Background Shigellosis has a global distribution especially incountries with poor hygiene and sanitation. The most common
manifestation of shigellosis in children is diarrhea with broad
spectrum manifestations from watery diarrhea to classical
dysentery. Appropriate antibiotic management is important to
eradicate Shigella spp.
Objective To find out shigellosis prevalence and manifestations
and also Shigella spp. resistance pattern in children less than 5
years with acute diarrhea in certain district urban slum areas in
Jakarta.
Methods This cross sectional study involved 475 outpatients of
less than 5 years old with acute diarrhea who visited primary health
cares in Jakarta from July– October 2005. Stool for culture and
antibiotic resistance test was taken with single rectal swab.
Results Shigella spp. was found only in 3 (0.6%) patients. The
subjects were between 6 to 24 months. Watery diarrhea was found
in 1 subject and so was the classical dysentery manifestation of
fever and bloody diarrhea. Two strains were found, 2 cases of S.
sonnei and 1 case of S. flexneri. They were resistance to
cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, and colistine.
Conclusion Shigella spp. was not the main cause of acute diarrhea
in children less than 5 years old. Due to the small number of
cases, we could not find the most common manifestation and
resistance pattern of shigellosis in these children.
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El-Gendy A, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility trends among
Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. isolated from rural Egyptian
pediatric populations with diarrhoea between 1995 and 2000.
Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;10:804-10.
25. Vasilev V, Japheth R,Yishai R, Andorn N. Antimicrobial
resistance of Shigella flexneri serotypes in Israel during a period
of three years: 2000-2002. Epidemiol Infect 2004;132:1049-54.
Nutr 2004;22:445-9.
2. Clemens J, Kotloff K, Kay B. Generic protocol to estimate
the burden of Shigella diarrhoea and dysenteric mortality.
Geneva: WHO; 1999. p. 5-37.
3. Subekti D, Oyofo BA, Tjaniadi P, Corwin AL, Larasati W,
Putri M, et al. Shigella spp. surveillance in Indonesia: the
emergence or reemergence of S.dysenteriae. Emerg Infect Dis
2000;7:137-40.
4. Richard LM, Bennish ML Salam MA. The management of
bloody diarrhoea in young children. Cited 2002 May 20.
available from: url: http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-
health/ New_Publications / Child_Health / WHO_CDD
_94.49. htm.
5. Huilan S, Zhen LG, Mathan NM, Mathew MM, Olarte J,
Esperjo R, et al. Etiology of acute diarrhoea among children
in developing countries: a multi-center study in five
countries. Bull World Health Organization 1991;69:549-55.
6. Thisyakorn U, Rienprayoon S. Shigellosis in Thai children:
epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features. Pediatr Infect
Dis J 1992;11:213-5.
7. World Health Organization. The treatment of diarrhea: a
manual for physicians and other senior health workers.
WHO/CDD/SER/80.2 rev.3. Geneva: World Health
Organization; 1995.
8. Vandepitte J, Engbaek K, Piot P, Heuck CC. Basic laboratory
procedures in clinical bacteriology. Geneva: WHO; 1991. p.
37-8, 103-5.
9. Ashkenazi S, May-Zahav M, Dinari G, Gabbay U, Zilberberg
R, Samra Z. Recent trends in the epidemiology of Shigella
species in Israel. Clin Infect Dis 1993;17:897-9.
10. Batthikhi MN. Bloody diarrhoea cases caused by Shigella
and amoeba in Jordan. New Microbiol 2004; 27:37-47.
11. Lee WS, Puthucheary SD. Species distribution and antibiotic
resistance of Shigella isolates in an urban community in
Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2003; 58:262-7.
12. Aryani A. Gambaran diare akut serta hubungannya dengan
gejala yang ditemukan pada anak 0–2 tahun yang dirawat di
SMF anak RSCM periode September 1996 – Januari 1997 (Tesis).
Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia; 1998.
13. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Epidemiologi dan etiologi diare.
In: Ditjen PPM & PLP DepKes, editors. Buku ajar diare.
Jakarta: Depkes; 1999. p. 3-16.
14. Clinical update: shigellosis. A supplement to Issue no 44,
1991. Dialogue on Diarrhoea Online. cited 2002 May 20.
available from: url: http://www.rehydrate.org/dd/su44.
15. Slutsker L, Ries AA, Greene KD, Wells JG, Hutwagner L,
Griffin PM. Escherichia coli O157: H7 diarrhea in the United
States: clinical and epidemiologic features. Annals Intern
Med 1997;126:505-13.
16. Thiem VD, Scthabutr O, von Seidlein L, Tung TV, Canh
DG, Chien BT, et al. Detection of Shigella by a PCR assay
targeting the ipaH gene suggest increased prevalence of
shigellosis in Nha Trang, Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol
2004;42:2031-5.
17. Huskins WC, Griffiths JK, Faruque ASG, Bennish ML.
Shigellosis in neonates and young infants. J Pediatr
1994;125:14-22.
18. Dwipoerwantoro PG, Pulungsih SP, Susanti NI, Sadikin H,
Firmansyah A. A study on the antibiotic resitance of Shigella.
Pediatr Indones 2005;45:49-54.
19. Schulze S. Broward County study shows increase in Shigella
cases. cited 2006 February 18. available from: url: http://
www.doh.state.fl.us/ Disease_ctrl/epi /Epi_Updates / Epi_
Weekly /07-25-03.htm.
20. Bennish ML, Salam MA, Hossein MA, Myaux J, Haque B,
Chakraborty J. Antimicrobial resistance among Shigella
isolates in Bangladesh, 1983-1990: increasing frequency of
strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. Clin Infec Dis
1992;14:1055-60.
21. Kim S, Kim J, Kang Y, Park Y, Lee B. Occurrence of extended-
spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the genus Shigella
in the Republic of Korea. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:5264-9.
22. Schmuacher H, Nir M, Mansa B, Grassy A. Beta-lactamases
in Shigella. APMIS 1992;100:954-6.
23. Sack RB, Rahman M, Yunus M, Khan EH. Antimicrobial
resistance in organisms causing diarrheal disease. Clin Infect
Dis 1997;24 Suppl 1:S102-5.
24. Putnam SD,Riddle MS,WierzbaTF, Pittner BT, Elyazeed RA,
El-Gendy A, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility trends among
Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. isolated from rural Egyptian
pediatric populations with diarrhoea between 1995 and 2000.
Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;10:804-10.
25. Vasilev V, Japheth R,Yishai R, Andorn N. Antimicrobial
resistance of Shigella flexneri serotypes in Israel during a period
of three years: 2000-2002. Epidemiol Infect 2004;132:1049-54.
Published
2007-02-28
How to Cite
1.
Elvira J, Firmansyah A, Akib A. Shigellosis in children less than five years in urban slum area: a study at primary health care in Jakarta. PI [Internet]. 28Feb.2007 [cited 13Nov.2024];47(1):42-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/341
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Received 2016-08-25
Accepted 2016-08-25
Published 2007-02-28
Accepted 2016-08-25
Published 2007-02-28
