Factors related to missed opportunities for immunization at urban and suburban primary health centers in Medan
Keywords:
missed opportunities for immunization, urban primary health center, suburban primary health center
Abstract
Background Missed opportunites for immunization is one of theimportant causes of low immunization coverage that should be
prevented.
Objective To investigate missed opportunities for immunization
and related factors at urban and suburban primary health centers
in Medan.
Methods A cross sectional study was conducted between January-
March 2004. Primary health centers in Medan were divided into
urban (20 primary health centers) and suburban (19 primary
health centers) groups. The sample size was 109 children who
visited primary health centers for immunization. Study was done
by a questionnaire taken after infants received immunization (exit
interview).
Results The proportion of missed opportunities in urban and
suburban area was 22.3% (95% CI 16.9%;27.7%) and 29.9% (95%
CI 24.0%;35.2%) (P=0.191), respectively. Factors such as age of
starting immunization, number of children more than 4, and low
parental attitude about immunization (P=0.001) were related to
missed opportunities for immunization.
Conclusions There is no difference between proportion of missed
opportunities at primary health centers in urban and suburban
area. Related factors to missed opportunities for immunization
are age of starting immunization older than 3 months, number of
children more than 4, and low parental attitude about
immunization.
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among children: effects of vaccine safety concerns on
immunization status. Pediatrics 2004;114:e16-21.
26. Scheifele DW. False contraindications to immunization of
children. Vaccines children & practice 1999;2:31-2.
27. American Academy of Pediatrics. Vaccine safety and
contraindication. In: Peter G, Hall CB, Halsey NA, eds. 1997
Red Book: Report committee on infectious diseases. 24th
edition. Elk Grove Village: American Academy of Pediatrics,
1997. p. 26-35.
Vaccines Children and Practice 2000;3:37-9.
2. Abednego HM. Strategi dan pengembangan program
imunisasi. In: Tumbelaka AR, Hadinegoro SR, Satari HI,
Oswari H, editors. Strategi pemilihan dan penggunaan
vaksin serta antibiotik dalam upaya antisipasi era perubahan
pola penyakit. Naskah lengkap Pendidikan Kedokteran
Berkelanjutan IKA FKUI XXXIX. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit
FKUI; 1997. p. 11-8.
3. Ismael S. Program pengembangan imunisasi. In: Ranuh IGN,
Soeyitnoh, Hadinegoro S, Kartasasmita C, editors. Buku
Imunisasi di Indonesia. 1st edition. Jakarta: Satgas Imunisasi
IDAI; 2001. p. 57-61.
4. Centers for disease control and prevention immunization.
Strategies for health care practices and providers. In:
Atkinson W, Humiston S, Wolfe C, Nelson R, editors.
Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine preventable disease.
5st edition. Atlanta: Department of Health & Human
Services, Public Health Service, CDC; 1999. p. 27-43.
5. Szilagyi PG, Rodewald LE, Humiston SG, Hager J, Roghmann
KJ, Doane C, et al. Missed opportunities for childhood
vaccinations in office practices and the effect on vaccination
status. Pediatrics 1993;91:1-7.
6. Kahane SM, Watt JP, Newell K, Kellam S, Wight S, Smith
NJ, et al. Immunization levels and risk factors for low
immunization coverage among private practices. Pediatrics
2000;105:1-8.
7. Missed opportunities to vaccinate children: A preventable
crisis for America’s children. available from: url: www.
regionvqnet.org/qnet/factsnow/4024.cfm.
8. World Health Organization. Identify missed opportunities.
WHO/EPI/MLM/91.7.
9. Santoli JM, Szilagyi PG, Rodewald LE. Barriers to
immunizations and missed opportunities. Pediatr Ann
1998;27:366-74.
10. World Health Organization. Report of the expanded program
on immunization. Missed opportunities for immunization.
WHO/EPI/GEN/88.1.
11. Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) 1992. Kerjasama
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Departemen
Kesehatan dan Biro Pusat Statistik. Jakarta, April, 1994.
12. World Health Organization. Report of the expanded program
on immunization. Missed opportunities for immunization.
WHO/EPI/GEN/88.1
13. Lubis IZ, Harahap ES, Sulani F, Antoni A, Indra R. Missed
opportunities for immunization. Occurence and risk factors.
Paediatr Indones 1993;33:265-73.
14. Abubakar H, Antoni A, Usman J, Lubis IZ, Erma RA.
Missed opportunities for immunization at the out-patient
clinic: Prevalence and related factor. Paediatr Indones
1996;36:146-54.
15. Luman TE, Mc Cauley MM, Shefer A, Chu SY. Maternal
characteristics associated with vaccination of young children.
Pediatrics 2003;111:1215-8.
16. Madiyono B, Moeslichan S, Sastroasmoro S, Budiman I,
Purwanto SH. Perkiraan besar sampel. In: Sastroasmoro S,
Ismael S, editors. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis.
2nd edition. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2002.p.259-86.
17. Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional. Petunjuk
teknis pencatatan dan pelaporan pendataan keluarga.
Jakarta, April, 2001.
18. Dietz VJ, Stevenson J, Zell ER, Cochi S, Hadler S, Eddins D.
Potential impact on vaccination coverage levels by
administering vaccines simultaneously and reducing dropout
rates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148:943-9.
19. Strobino D, Keane V, Holt E, Hugart N, Guyer B. Parental
attitudes do not explain underimmunization. Pediatrics
1996;98:1076-83.
20. Boer H, Seydel ER. Protection motivation theory. From:
URL: http://www.tcw.utwente.
21. Department of Health Ministry. Direktur Jenderal Pemberan-
tasan Penyakit Menular dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Pemukiman. Modul Latihan Petugas Imunisasi. 6st edition.
Jakarta: Department of Health Ministry; 1997. p. 13-4.
22. Page D, Meires J, Dailey A. Factors influencing immunization
status in primary care clinics. Fam Med 2002;34:29-33.
23. Bates AS, Fitzgerald JF, Dittus RS, Wolinsky FD. Risk factors
for underimmunization in poor urban infants. JAMA
1994;272:1105-11.
24. Ali M. Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku ibu bekerja dan ibu
tidak bekerja tentang imunisasi [thesis]. Medan: Medical
School of North Sumatra University; 2003.
25. Gust DA, Strine TW, Maurice E, dkk. Underimmunization
among children: effects of vaccine safety concerns on
immunization status. Pediatrics 2004;114:e16-21.
26. Scheifele DW. False contraindications to immunization of
children. Vaccines children & practice 1999;2:31-2.
27. American Academy of Pediatrics. Vaccine safety and
contraindication. In: Peter G, Hall CB, Halsey NA, eds. 1997
Red Book: Report committee on infectious diseases. 24th
edition. Elk Grove Village: American Academy of Pediatrics,
1997. p. 26-35.
Published
2007-02-28
How to Cite
1.
Ramayani O, Daulay R, Sofyani S, Lubis I. Factors related to missed opportunities for immunization at urban and suburban primary health centers in Medan. PI [Internet]. 28Feb.2007 [cited 22Nov.2024];47(1):21-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/337
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Received 2016-08-25
Accepted 2016-08-25
Published 2007-02-28
Accepted 2016-08-25
Published 2007-02-28
