Parents’ perceptions and expectations of COVID-19 vaccination for children in Banda Aceh
Abstract
Background Parents usually make the decisions on COVID-19 vaccinations for their children under the age of 18.
Objective To explore parents' perceptions and expectations of COVID-19 vaccination for children in Banda Aceh.
Methods This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews of 36 parents in Banda Aceh. The data were analyzed qualitatively through thematic analysis.
Results Three themes were studied: (1) perceptions of parents willing to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19, (2) perceptions of parents who refused or delayed their children’s vaccination against COVID-19, and (3) parents' expectations regarding COVID-19 vaccination in children. Benefits of the vaccine and government policy were among the reasons that parents were willing to have their children vaccinated. Vaccine safety concerns, lack of information, strong immunity, healthy lifestyle, and religious beliefs were the main reasons for parental refusal or delay in vaccinating their children. Reduced cases of COVID-19 and the end of the pandemic, not being infected, developing immunity, and no adverse events following immunization, face-to-face learning in schools, as well as increased education and socialization from the government, society that was critical and selective in receiving information were the expectation of parents regarding COVID-19 vaccination in children.
Conclusion The perception of vaccine benefits and government policy influence parents to have their children vaccinated, while perception of vaccine safety concerns, lack of information, strong immunity, healthy lifestyle, and religious beliefs influence parents to refuse or delay their children being vaccinated. Parents' expectations regarding COVID-19 illness, their children’s response to the vaccine and education, as well as the government’s and society’s roles during the pandemic are qualitatively elucidated.
References
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Basics of COVID-19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021; [cited 2021 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19/basics-covid-19.htm
3. World Health Organization. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. World Health Organization. 2020; [cited 2021 Jul 18]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
4. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;91:157–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397.
5. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Situasi Terkini Perkembangan Corona virus Disease (COVID-19). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2021; [cited 2021 Aug 1]. Available from: https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/document/situasi-terkini-perkembangan-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-1-agustus-2021/view
6. COVID-19 and Europe’s environment?: impacts of a global pandemic. European Environment Agency. 2020; [cited 2021 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.eea.europa.eu/downloads/18388576f1014e489c1d4c3b05fa9ac6/1616681747/covid-19-and-europes-environment.pdf
7. World Health Organization. 14 April 2020 COVID?19 Strategy Update. World Health Organization. 2020; [cited 2021 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid-strategy-update-14april2020.pdf?sfvrsn=29da3ba0_19
8. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) Situation Report-1 27 March 2020. World Health Organization. 2020; [cited 2021 Aug 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/who-indonesia-situation-report-1.pdf?sfvrsn=6be5b359_0
9. Pemerintah Aceh. Aceh Tanggap COVID-19. 2021; [cited 2021 Aug 9]. Available from: https://covid19.acehprov.go.id/
10. Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Rekomendasi Ikatan Dokter Anak IndonesiaTerkait Pemberian Vaksin COVID-19 Pada Anak dan Remaja Tertanggal 28 Juni 2021. 2021; [cited 2021 Aug 1]. Available from: https://www.idai.or.id/tentang-idai/pernyataan-idai/rekomendasi-ikatan-dokter-anak-indonesia-terkait-pemberian-vaksin-covid-19-pada-anak-dan-remaja
11. Surry K. IDAI: Kasus positif COVID-19 pada anak di Aceh terus meningkat. Antaranews. 2021; [cited 2021 Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2327562/idai-kasus-positif-covid-19-pada-anak-di-aceh-terus-meningkat
12. Tim Ahli Bidang Perubahan Perilaku Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. Pengendalian COVID-19 dengan 3M, 3T, vaksinasi, disiplin, kompak, dan konsisten buku 2. Jakarta: Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19; 2021. p.1-64.
13. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, UNICEF, WHO, ITAGI. Survei penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 di Indonesia. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2020; [cited 2021 Aug 1]. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/storage/app/media/Hasil Kajian/2020/November/vaccine-acceptance-survey-id-12-11-2020final.pdf
14. Rasidan. Baru 3,4% remaja terima vaksin. Serambi Indonesia. 2021; [cited 2021 Sep 20]. Available from: https://aceh.tribunnews.com/epaper/
15. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Frequently asked question (FAQ) seputar pelaksanaan vaksinasi Covid-19. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2021; p. 1–16. [cited 2021 Aug 1]. Available from: https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/uploads/contents/others/FAQ_VAKSINASI_COVID__call_center.pdf.
16. Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. Tanya jawab apakah manfaat dari Vaksin COVID-19? 2021; [cited 2021 Oct 4]. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/tanya-jawab?search=apakah%20manfaat%20dari%20vaksin%20covid-19?
17. CDC. COVID-19 Vaccines for Children and Teens. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022; [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/children-teens.html
18. Bell S, Clarke R, Mounier-Jack S, Walker JL, Paterson P. Parents’ and guardians’ views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multi-methods study in England. Vaccine. 2020;38:7789–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.027.
19. Szilagyi PG, Shah MD, Delgado JR, Thomas K, Vizueta N, Cui Y, et al. Parents’ intentions and perceptions about COVID-19 vaccination for their children: results from a national survey. Pediatrics. 2021;148:e2021052335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-052335.
20. Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, Menteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan, Menteri Dalam Negeri. Keputusan Bersama Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, Dan Teknologi, Menteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan, dan Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia Nomor 05/KB/2021, Nomor 1347 Tahun 2021, Nomor HK.01.08/ Menkes/6678/2021, Nomor 443-5847 Tahun 2021 Tentang panduan penyelenggaraan pembelajaran di masa pandemi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Jakarta; 2021; [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2021/12/keputusan-bersama-4-menteri-tentang-panduan-penyelenggaraan-pembelajaran-di-masa-pandemi-covid19
21. Kurnianingrum TP. Perlukah persyaratan sertifikat vaksinasi Covid-19 di ruang publik? Bidang Hukum Info Singkat Kajian Singkat Terhadap Isu Aktual dan Strategis. 2021; [cited 2021 Sep 20]. Available from: https://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info_singkat/Info%20Singkat-XIII-16-II-P3DI-Agustus-2021-214.pdf
22. Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. Hoax Buster [SALAH] SertifikatVaksin Covid-19 Bukan Syarat Administrasi. 2021; [cited 2021 Sep 20]. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/p/hoax-buster/salah-sertifikat-vaksin-covid-19-bukan-syarat-administrasi
23. Wang J, Ji Q, Dong S, Zhao S, Li X, Zhu Q, et al. Factors influencing vaccine hesitancy in China: a qualitative study. Vaccines. 2021;9:1291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111291.
24. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Komnas KIPI: Belum ada Kasus Meninggal yang disebabkan Vaksinasi COVID-19. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2022; [cited 2022 Jan 14]. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20220101/1039078/komnas-kipi-belum-ada-kasus-meninggal-yang-disebabkan-vaksinasi-covid-19/
25. CDC. Myths and Facts about COVID-19 Vaccines for Children. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021; [cited 2022 Jan 10]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/children-facts.html
26. CDC. Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022; [cited 2022 Jan 10]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/safety-of-vaccines.html
27. Rumetta J, Abdul-Hadi H, Lee YK. A qualitative study on parents' reasons and recommendations for childhood vaccination refusal in Malaysia. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13:199-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2019.07.027.
28. Syiroj ATR, Pardosi JF, Heywood AE. Exploring parents' reasons for incomplete childhood immunisation in Indonesia. Vaccine. 2019;37:6486-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.081.
29. MUI. Apa status kehalalan vaksin Pfizer dan Moderna? MUI Digital. 2021; [cited 2022 Jan 30]. Available from: https://mui.or.id/tanya-jawab-keislaman/31316/apa-status-kehalalan-vaksin-pfizer-dan-moderna/
30. Saputra MG. Nadiem Tegaskan Vaksinasi Pelajar Bukan Syarat Sekolah Gelar PTM Terbatas. Merdeka. 2021; [cited 2022 Jan 13]. Available from: https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/nadiem-tegaskan-vaksinasi-pelajar-bukan-syarat-sekolah-gelar-ptm-terbatas.html
31. Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19. [SALAH] “Vaksin Sinovac Covid-19 yang akan di suntikkan kepada warga hanya untuk kelinci percobaan”. 2021; [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/p/hoax-buster/salah-vaksin-sinovac-covid-19-yang-akan-di-suntikkan-kepada-warga-hanya-untuk-kelinci-percobaan
32. Umasugi MT. Sosialisasi dan Edukasi Pemberian Vaksin Sebagai Upaya Trust Pada Masyarakat Kota Ambon. J Hum Educ. 2021;1:1–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v1i2.12.
33. Unicef. Survey shows the majority of Indonesians are willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine once available. Unicef. 2020; [cited 2022 Jan 10]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/press-releases/survey-shows-majority-indonesians-are-willing-receive-covid-19-vaccine-once
34. Fadly MN. Tabayyun Dalam Menerima Berita. Direktorat Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Agama Islam. 2019; [cited 2021 Jan 9]. Available from: https://dppai.uii.ac.id/tabayyun-dalam-menerima-berita/
35. CDC. How to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021; [cited 2022 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/health-departments/addressing-vaccine-misinformation.html
Copyright (c) 2023 Teuku Ade Prasetia, Bakhtiar Bakhtiar, Heru Noviat Herdata, Nora Sovira, Anidar Anidar, Eka Yunita Amna, Syafruddin Haris
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Accepted 2023-08-01
Published 2023-08-14
