Impact of Bifidobacterium lactis supplementation on fecal microbiota in infants delivered vaginally compared to Caesarean section
Keywords:
Bifidobacterium lactis, gut microbiota, Caesarean section, probiotic
Abstract
Background It has been reported that infants born by Caesareansection have altered gut microbiota, with lower n umbers of
bifidobacteria and Bacteroides, compared to that of infants who
were delivered vaginally. Probiotic supplementation has been
reported to have beneficial effects on the immune response,
generally in relation to allergies.
Objective To assess the effect of Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis)
supplementation on the presence of B. lactis and bifidobacteria
counts in stool of infants during the first 2 months of life .
Methods We conducted an observational study of 122 healthy,
breast-fed infants delivered vaginally or by Caesarean section.
Infants assigned to the test group received breast milk and formula
supplemented with the B. lactis probiotics. Infants in the control
group received breast milk and formula without probiotics.
The presence of B. lactis and stool bifidobacteria counts were
determined at 1 month and 2 months of age. Growth, morbidity,
serum immune markers, and stool immunoglobulin (lg) A were
also assessed.
Results B. lactis was more frequently detected in the stool of
infants who received breast milk and probiotic-supplemented
formula than in stool of infants who received breast milk and
non-supplemented formula, both at 1 month and 2 months of
age (OR 1,263; 95%Cl 11 to 15 1,030; P=0.003) . Of infants who
received probiotic-supplemented formula, B. lactis was detected in
80% of those delivered by Caesarean section and in 3 8% of those
delivered vaginally, at the 1-month mark. In infants delivered by
Caesarean section, the mean stool bifidobacteria level at 1 month
was significantly higher in the probiotic-supplemented group
compared to that of the non-supplemented group (P=0.021) .
Conclusion Early bifidobacteria supplementation of infants,
particularly those delivered by Caesarean section, is associated
with higher levels of stool bifidobacteria. Anthropometric data
suggests beneficial effect s of bifidobacteria supplementation
on infant growth, though most are not statistically significant.
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JS, Kay M, editors . Pediatric gas troin testinal and liver
disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. 3rd ed.
Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2006. p. 35-50.
2. Guamer F, Bourdet-Sicard R, Brandtzaeg P, Gill HS, McGuirk
P, van Eden W, et al. Mechanisms of disease: the hygiene
hypothesis revisited. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;3:275-84.
3. Penders J, Thijs C, Vink C, Stelma FF, Snij ders B, Kummeling
I, et al. Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal
microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics. 2006; 118:511-21.
4. Biasucd G, Benenati B, Morelli L, Bessi E, Boehm G. Cesarean
delivery may affect the early biodiversity of intestinal bacteria.
JN utr. 2008; 138: l 796S-1800S. Galdeano CM, de Moreno de
LeBlanc A, Vinderola G, Bonet ME, Perdig6n G. Proposed
model: mechanisms of immunomodulation induced by
probiotic bacteria. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007;14:485-92.
5. Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, Poussa T, Isolauri E. Probiotics
during the first 7 years of life: a cumulative risk reduction of
eczema in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy
Clin Immunol. 2007;119:1019-21.
6. Thavagnanam S, Fleming J, Bromley A, Shields MD,
Cardwell CR. A meta-analysis of the association between
Caesarean section and childhood asthma. Clin Exp Allergy.
2008;38:629-33.
7. Koplin J, Allen K, Gurrin L, Osborne N, Tang ML, Dharmage
S. Is Caesarean delivery associated with sensitization to food
allergens and IgE-mediated food allergy: a systematic review.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008;19:682-7.
8. Negele K, Heinrich J, Borte M, von Berg A , Schaaf B,
Lehmann I, et al. Mode of delivery and development of
atopic disease during the first 2 years of life. Pediatr Allergy
Immunol. 2004;15:48-54.
9. FAO/WHO. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations and the World Health Organization Joint
FAO/WHO expert consultation on evaluation of health and
nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder
milk with live lactic acid bacteria. 10-1-2001.
10. Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Koskinen
P, Isolauri E. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic
disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet.
2001;357:1076-9.
11. Kuitunen M, Kukkonen K, Juntunen-Backman K, Korpela
R, Poussa T, Tuure T, et al. Probiotics prevent IgE-associated
allergy until age 5 years in Cesarean-delivered children
but n ot in the total coh ort. J Aller gy Clin Immunol.
2009; 123:335-41.
12. Matsuki T, Watanabe K, Fujimoto J, Kado Y, Takada T,
98 • Paediatr Indones, Vol. 53, No. 2, March 2013
Matsumoto K, et al. Quantitative PCR with 16S rRNAgene-
targeted species-specific primers for analysis of
human intestinal bifidobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol.
2004; 70: 167 -73.
13. Haque R, Monda! D, Kirkpatrick BD, Akther S, Farr BM,
Sack RB, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics
of acute diarrhea with emphasis on Entamoeba hiswlytica
infections in preschool children in an urban slum of Dhaka,
Bangladesh. AmJ Trop Med Hyg. 2003;69:398-405.
14. Land B, Gunther B, GarssenJ. Breastmilk: components with
immune-modulating potential and their possible role in
immune-mediated disease resistance. In: Watson RR, Zibadi
S, Preedy YR, editors. Dietary components and immune
function. New York: Humana Press; 2010. p. 25-42.
15. Langhendries JP, Detry J, Van Hees J, Lambory JM, Darimon
J, Mozin MJ, et al. Effect of a fermented infant formula
containing viable bifidobacteria on the fecal flora composition
and pH ofhealthy full-term infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol
Nutr. 1995;21:177-81.
16. Fooks LJ, Gibson GR. Probiotics as modulators of the gut
flora. Br J Nutr. 2002;88 Suppl 1: S39~49.
17. Mohan R, Koebnick C, Schildt J, Schmidt S, Mueller
M, Possner M, et al. Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Bbl2
supplementation on intestinal microbiota of preterm infants:
a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Clin
Microbia l. 2006;44:4025 -3 1.
18. Szajewska H, Guandalini S, Morelli L, Van Goudoever JB,
Walker A. Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis
supplementation in preterm infants: a systematic review of
randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.
2010;5 1:203-9.
19. Stratiki Z, Costalos C, Sevastiadou S, Kastanidou 0,
Skouroliakou M, Giakoumatou A, et al. The effect of
a bifidobacter supplemented bovine milk on intestinal
permeability of preterm infants . Early Hum Dev. 2007 ;83 :57 5-
9.
20. Holscher HD, Czerkies LA, Cekola P, Litov R, Benbow
M, Santema S, et al. Bifidobacterium lactis Bbl2 enhances
intestinal antibody response in formula-fed infants : a
randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. J Parenter Enteral
Nutr. 2012;36 (1 Suppl) : 106S-17S.
Published
2013-04-30
How to Cite
1.
Yuniaty T, Kadi F, Sukandar H, Novikasari M, Kosuwon P, Rezzonico E, Piyabanditkul P, Lestarina L, Turini M. Impact of Bifidobacterium lactis supplementation on fecal microbiota in infants delivered vaginally compared to Caesarean section. PI [Internet]. 30Apr.2013 [cited 22Nov.2024];53(2):89-8. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/260
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Received 2016-08-19
Accepted 2016-08-19
Published 2013-04-30
Accepted 2016-08-19
Published 2013-04-30
