The role of clinical diagnostic criteria for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children: A case report

Irawan Mangunatmadja; Ricca Fauziyah; Achmad Rafli

doi:10.14238/pi62.1.2022.66-71

Irawan Mangunatmadja Neurology Division Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Ricca Fauziyah
Achmad Rafli Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/pi62.1.2022.66-71

Keywords: encephalitis, anti-NMDAR, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

Abstract

Encephalitis is a neurological disorder that develops rapidly into a progressive encephalopathy caused by inflammatory processes in the brain. The incidence of encephalitis in developed countries is 5-10 per 100,000 per year. Encephalitis can affect all ages and cause long-term effects on patients, their families, and society.^1-3 Autoimmune encephalitis, including anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of encephalitis in children and has a considerable mortality rate of 5-7%.⁴Physicians should suspect anti-NMDAR encephalitis in patients with prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms and movement disorder.^1-3 We report here a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and discuss the role of clinical criteria in diagnosing anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children.

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