Morbidity, Growth and Food Intake among the Underfives in Madura, Indonesia
Abstract
The relation between common illnesses, growth and breast milk and food intake was assessed in a-longitudinal population based study, covering 300 children, age 0-36 months. Morbidity was quite prevalent with a peak at age 4-24 months. It did, however, not affect the intake of breast milk and the consumption of additional foods in infancy. On the other hand, the daily intake of energy and protein was significantly reduced in older and particularly non-breastfed children. Morbidity explained about 28% of the variance in weight- and height-for-age in children, age 6-18 months. One can conclude that growth faltering early in infancy is primarily of nutritional origin, while at older age it is due to a synergistic effect of inadequate nutrition and morbidity. Anorexia rather than bad feeding habits is the main cause of poor dietary intake during and after illness.
References
1b: Kusin ]A, Kardjati Sri, With C.de, Rengvist UH. When C:roes growth faltering start ? Paediatr lndones 1991 b; 31 : 26-40.
2. Mata L. The children of Santa Maria Cauque: A protective field study of health and growth. C:unPridge Mass., MIT Press 1978.
3. Briscoe J. The quantitative effect of infection on the use of food.by young children in poor communities. Am J. din Nutr 1979; 32 : 648-76.
4. Tomkins AM; Watson F. Malnutrition and Infection, a review. UN ACC/SCN Nutritional Policy Discussion Paper N 5, WHO, Geneva (1989).
5. Eccles MP, Cole TJ, Whitehead RG. Identification of factors affecting infant growth in developing countries. Archs Dis Childh 1989; 64 : 1559-65.
6. Brown KH, Staehlings RY, Creed H. et al. Effects of common illnesses on Wants energy intakes from breast milk and other foods during longitudinal community-based studies in Huascar (Lima), Peru . Am ] din Nutr 1990; 52 : 1005-13.
7. Martorell R, Yarbrough C. The energy cost of diarrhoeal and other common diseases in children. In: Chen LC, Scrimshaw NS, eds. Diarrhoea and malnutrition. Interactions, mechanisms ar..i interventions. New York: Plenum Press, 1983 : 125-41.
8. Rowland MGM, Rowland SGJG, Cole 1). Impact of infection on the growth of children from 0 to 2 years in an urban West African Community Am J din Nutr 1988; 47: 134-8.
9. Victora CG, Barros FC, Kirkwood BR, Vaughan JP. Pneumonia, diarrhoea and growth in the first 4 years of life: a longitudinal study of 5914 urban Brazilian children. Am J din Nutr 1990; 52 : 391-6.
10. Delgado HS, Valverde V, Belizan JM, Klein RE. Diarrhoeal diseases, nutritional status and health care: analysis of their interrelationships. Ecol. Food Nutr 1983; 12 : 229-34.
11. Black RE, Brown KH, BeckerS. Malnutrition is a determining factor in diarrhoea duration, but not in incidence, among children in a longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh. Am J din Nutr 1984; 39 : 87-94.
12. Mathur R, Reddy V, Naidu N. et al. Nutritional status and diarrhoeal morbidity: a longitudinal study in rural Indian preschool children. Hum Nutr din Nutr 1985; 39c : 447-54.
13. Sepulveda J, Willet W, Munoz A. Malnutrition and diarrhoea. A longitudinal study among urban Mexican children. Am] Epid 1988; 127 : 365-76.
14. Hoyle B, Yunus MD, Chen LC. Breastfeeding and food intake among children with acute diarrheal disease. Am] din Nutr 1980; 33: 236-7.
15. Molla AM, Molla A, Sarker SA, Rahaman MM. Food intake during and after recovery from diarrhea in children. In: Chen LS, Scrimshaw NS, eds. Diarrhoea and Malnutrition. New York : Plenum Press, 1983 : 113-23.
16. Brown KH, Black RE, Robenson AD, BeckerS. Effects of season and illness on the dietary intakes of weanlings during longitudinal studies in rural Bangladesh. Am J din Nutr 1985; 41 :343-55.
17. Dickin ak.al, Abrown KH, Flagbule D. et al. Effect of diarrhoea on dietary intake by infants and young children in rural villages of Kwara State, Nigeria. Eur] din Nutr 1990; 44: 307-17.
18. Tomklhs AM, 'Dunn DT, Hayes R]. Nutritional status and risk of morbidity among young Gambian children allowing for social and environmental factors. Trans R Soc trop Med Hyg 1989; 83: 282-7.
19. Martorell R, Ho TJ. Malnutrition, morbidity and mortality. In: Mosley WH, Chen LC eds. Child survival strategies for Research. Population and Development. Review 1984; 10 (suppl.) : 49-68.
20. Kardjati Sri, Kusin JA, With C. de. Energy supplementation in the last trimester of pregnancy in East Java. Effect on birthweight. Br j Obstet Gynec 1988; 95 : 783-94.
21. Steenbergen WM. van. Kusin jA, Kardjati Sri, With C.de. Energy supplementation in the last trimester of pregnancy in East Java: effect on breast milk output. Am J din Nutr 1989; 50 : 274-9.
22. WHO/FAO/UNU. Energy and protein requirements. Technical Report Series no. 724. Geneva, WHO (1985).
23. Steenbergen WM van, Kusin JA, Kardjati Sri, Rengvist UH. Nutritional transition during infancy in East Java, Indonesia: 1. A longitudinal study of feeding pattern, breast milk intake and the consumption of additional foods. Eur J din Nutr 1991; 45 : 67-75.
Copyright (c) 2019 Sri Kardjati, Jane A. Kusin, Wilm van Steenbergen, W. N. Schofield
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Published 2019-01-30
