Pattern and frequency of pediatric congenital heart disease at the Cardiac Research Institute of Kabul Medical University, Afghanistan
Abstract
Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, with incidence of 0.7-0.9 live birth; it increases to 2-6% if first degree relative is affected. In Afghanistan majority of births take place at home and routine screening of neonates is not common, so true birth prevalence of CHD cannot be possibly calculated. Therefore, true prevalence of CHD in our population is unknown.
Objective To verify the current pattern and frequency distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) at the Cardiac Research Institute of Kabul Medical University.
Methods This retrospective study was conducted in children aged 0-14 years, who underwent echocardiography for possible congenital heart disease from January 2015 to December 2016.
Results Of 560 patients who underwent echocardiography, 392(70%) had cardiac lesions. Congenital cardiac lesions were found in 235 (60% of those with lesions) patients, while 157 (40%) patients had rheumatic heart disease. Patients with CHD were further subdivided into acyanotic and cyanotic groups. The majority of acyanotic group had isolated atrial septal defect (55%) while the most common lesion in the cyanotic group was Tetralogy of Fallot (42%).
Conclusion Congenital heart defects are the most common heart disease in the pediatric population presenting at the Cardiac Research Institute of Kabul Medical University. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was the most common acyanotic defect, while Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic defect.
References
2. Panni RZ, Ashffaq A, Amanullah MM. Earlier surgical intervention in congenital heart disease results in better outcome and resource utilization. BMC Health Services Research. 2011;11:353.
3. Shirazi H, Haider N, Hassan M. Pattern of heart diseases in children. Ann Pak Inst Med Sci 2008;4:50-55.
4. Manjunath CN, Srinivas B, Ravindranath KV, Dhanalaskshmi C. Incidence and patterns of valvular heart disease in a tertiary care high-volume cardiac center: A single center experience: Indian Heart J. 2014; 66: 320–26.
5. Massin MM, Dessy H. Delayed recognition of congenital heart disease. Postgrad Med J. 2006; 82: 468–70.
6. Hassan I, Haleem AA, Bhutta ZA. Profile and risk fac¬tors for congenital heart disease. J Pak Med Assoc. 1997;47:78-81.
7.Chadha SL, Singh N, Shukla DK. Epidemiological study of Congenital heart disease. Indian J Pediatr. 2001; 68:507-10.
8.Sadiq M, Stamper 0, Wright J G, De Giovanni J V, Billing¬ham C, Silove E D. Influence of ethnic origin on the pattern of congenital heart defects in the first year of life. Br. Heart J. 1995;73:173-6.
9. Aziz K.’ Incidence of heart disease in children at the national institute of cardiovascular diseases. J Pak Med Assoc. 1984;34:300-5.
10.Sadiq M, Roshan B, Khan A. Latif F, Bashir I, Sheikh SA. Pat¬tern of Paediatric Heart diseases in Pakistan. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2002;12:149-53.
11.Rahim F, Younas M, Gandapur A J, Talat A. Pattern of congenital heart Diseases in children at tertiary care center in Peshawar. Pak J Med Sci. 2003;19:19-22.
12.Malik S, Majeed R, Channer M S, Saleem M I. Frequency of cardiac defects among children at echocardiography center in a teaching hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2009; 2S:712-717.
13.Humayun KN, Atiq M. Clinical profile and outcome of cyanotic congenital heart disease in neonates. J Coll Physi¬cians Surg Pak. 2008;18:290-3.
14.Burki MK, Babar GS. Prevalence and pattern of congenital heart disease Hazara .J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2001;13:16-18.
15.Ferencz C, Rubin JD, McCarter RJ, Brenner JI, Neill CA, Perry LW, et al. Congenital Heart Diseases. Prevalence at live birth. The Baltimore Washington infant study Am J Epidemiol. 1985;121:31-6.
Copyright (c) 2018 Abdul Muhib Sharifi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Accepted 2018-05-22
Published 2018-05-31
