lmmunomodulatory Effects of Human Milk upon Immune Functions in Infants

Ariyanto Harsono; Anang Endaryanto; Muhammad Faizi

doi:10.14238/pi39.9-10.1999.243-50

Ariyanto Harsono Department of Child Health, Airlangga University Medical School/Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, East Java
Anang Endaryanto Department of Child Health, Airlangga University Medical School/Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, East Java
Muhammad Faizi Department of Child Health, Airlangga University Medical School/Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, East Java

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/pi39.9-10.1999.243-50

Keywords: immunomodulatory, human milk, immune function, infants

Abstract

Human milk is capable to modulate the immune system in infants in several ways. lmmunorestoration is mostly dominated by immunoglobulins content of human milks especially secretory lgA, although lgG antibody also plays important role. Nucleotide content of human milk is among substances widely investigated all over the world, capable to potentiate immune response in infants by increasing NK cell activity and production of lL-2. lmmunopotentiation also the result of cell content activity of human milk, interferon, and complement. Special feature of anti-inflammatory propertyÂ of human milk is its capability to prevent of allergic disease in infants. This because of
protein in breast milk is species specific, instead the role of secretotry lgA inÂ preventing absorption of foreign macromolecules. Other substances also play an important role in the antiinflammatory properties of human milk and interestingly the paucity of initiators and mediators in human milk.

References

1. Poplin BM, Adder L, Akin JS et al. Breastfeeding and diarrhea morbidity. Pediatrics 1990,86:874-82.
2. Frank AI, Taber LH, Glezen WP et al. Breastfeding and respiratocy virus infection. Pediatrics 1983,70:239-45.
3. Istre GR, Conner JS, Broome CV et al. Risk factors forprimaiy invasive Haemophilus influenza type disease:increased risk from day care attendance and school aged household members. J Paediatrics 1985,106:190-5.
4. Pisacane A, Graziano L, Mazzarella G et al. Breastfeeding and urinary tract infection. J Pediatrics 1992, 120:87-9.
5. Saracen UM. Prolonged breast-feeding as prophilaxis for recurrent otitis media. Acta Paediatr Scand 1982;71:567-71.
6. Lucas A, Cole TJ. Breast milk and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Lancet 1990;336: 1519-23.
7. Saarinen UM, Kajosari M. Breastfeeding as prophylaxis against atopic disease:prospective follow up study unti117 years old. Lancet 1995,346:1065-9.
8. Ruiz Palacios GM, Calva JJ, Pickering LK et al. Protection of breastfed infants against campilobacter diarrhoea by antibodies in human milk. Pediatrics 1990,116:707-13.
9. Cravioto A, Tello A, Villafan H, Ruiz J, del Vedova S, Neeser JR. Inhibition of localized adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to Hep-2 cells by immunoglobulin and oligosaccharide fractions of human colostrum and breast milk. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 124 7-5 5.
10. Newburg DS. Ashkenazi S, Cleary TG. Human milk contains the shiga toxin and shigalike toxin glycolipid Gb3. J Infect Dis 1992,166:832-6.
11. Yolken RH, Peterson JA, Vonderfectit SL et al. Human milk mucin inhibits rotavirus replication and prevents experimental gastro-enteritis. J Clin Invest 1992,90: 1984-81.
12. Pickering LK, Granoff DM, Erickson JR et al. Modulation of immune system by human milk and infant formula containing nucleotides. Pediatrics 1998,101:242-49.
13. Pabst HF, Spady DW. Effect of breast feeding on antibody response to conjugate vaccines. Lancet 1990,336:269-70.
14. Fitzsimmons SP, Evans MK, Pearce CL et al. Immunoglobulin A subclasses in infants saliva and in saliva and milk from their mothers. J Pediatr 1994,124:566-73.
15. Hanson l.A, Ahlsteds S, Anderson B et al. Protection factors in milk and the development of the immune system. Pediatrics 1985,75:172-6.
16. Clearly TG, Chambers JP, Pickering LK. Protection of suckling mice from heat stable enterotoxin of Eschericia coli by infant formulas. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985.4:125-7.
17. Anderson B, Porras 0, Human LA, Lagergard T, Svanborg-Eden C. Inhibition of attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae by human milk and receptor oligosaccharides. J Infect Dis 1986, 153:232-7.
18. Guillermo M, Palacios R, Calva JJ et al. Protection of breastfed infants against Campilobacter diarrhoea by antibodies in human milk. J Pediatr 1990,116:707-13.
19. Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Differences in morbidity between breastfed and fom;mla-fed infants. J Pediatr 1995,126:696-702.
20. Hayani KC, Guerrero ML, Morrow AL et al. Concentration of milk S-IgA against Shiga virulence plasmodia-associated antigens as a predictor of symptom status in Shigainfected breast-fed infants. J Pediatr 1992,121:821-6.
21. Cohen D, Green MS, Block C et al. Serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide and natural immunity to shigallosis in an Israeli military population. Infect Dis 1988;157: 1086-91.
22. Walterspiel JN, Morrow AL, Guerrero MI et al. Secretory Anti Giardia Iamblia antibodies in human milk:protective effect against diarrhoea. Pediatrics 1994;93:28-31.
23. Miotti PG, Gilman RH, Pickering LK et al. Prevalence of serum and milk antibodies to Giardia Iamblia in different population of lactating women. J Infect Dis 1985, 152: I 025-31.
24. Bell LM, Clark HF, Offit PA et al. Rotavirus serotype specific neutralising activity in human milk. AJDC 1988;142:275-8.
25. Hanson LA, Ahlstedt S, Anderson B eta!. Protective factors in milk and the development of the immune system. Pediatrics 1985;75: 172-6.
26. Cravioto A, Tello A, Villafan H et al. Inhibition of localised adhesion of enteropathogenic escherichia coli to Hep-2 cells by immunoglobalin and oligosaccharide fractions of human colostrum and breast mill<. J Infect Dis 1991 ;163:1247-55.
27. Lawrence RA. Breastfeeding 3rd ed, StLouis, Mosby Co 1989:121-37.
28. Goldman S, Thorpe LW, Goldblum RM, Hanson LA. Anti-inflammatory properties of human milk. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986;75:689-95.
29. Issac CE, Thonnar H, Pcssolano T. Membrane disruptive effect of human milk inactivation of enveloped viruses. J Infect Dis 1986;154:966-71.
30. Rohrer L, Winterhaler KH, Echert J, Kohler P. Killing of Giardia Iamblia by human milk is mediated by unsaturated fatty acids. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986;30:254-7.
31. Bueno J, Torres M, Almendros A et al. Effect of dietary nucleotides on small intestinal repair after diarrhoea. Histological and ultrastructural changes Gut 1994;35:926-33.
32. Carve1 JD. Dietary nuclcotides:cellular immune, intestinal and hepatic system effects. J Nutr 1994;124:1445-85.
33. Carver JD. Primental B, Cox WI, Barnes LA. Dietary nucleotide effects upon immune function in infants. Paediatrics 1991;88:359-63.
34. Kulkarni AD, Rudolph FB, Van Buren CT. The role of dietary sources of nucleotides in immune functio~. A Review. J Nutr 1994;124:1445-65.
35. Roux JM. Nucleotide supply of the developing animal: role of the so-called "Salvage pathwayâ€. Enzyme 1973;15:361-77.
36. Perignon JL, Bories DM, Houllier Am et al. Metabolism of pyrimidine bases and nucleotides by pyrimidine-nucleotide phosphorylases in cultured human lymphoid cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987;928: 130-6.
37. O"Garra A. Interleukins and the immune system. Lancet 1989; I :943-6.
38. Leach JE, Baxter JH, Monitor BE et al. Total potentially available nucleosides of human milk by stage of lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;1224-30.
39. Pickering LK, Kohl S. Human milk humoral immunity and infant defence mechanisms in:Howell R, Marris RH Jr, Pickering LK (eds). Human milk in infant nutrition and health. Springfield, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1986.
40. Pitt J . The milk mononuclear Phagocyte. Pediatrics 1979;64:7454.
41. Broxmeter HE, Smithyman A, Egcr RR et a!. Identification of lactoferin as the Granulo<:ytc-derived inhibitor of colony stimulating activity production. J Exp Med 1978; 148:1052-68.