Transfer of dietary allergen in human milk
Abstract
The presence of dietary allergens in breast milk have been studied eitherin animal model or human milk. Transfer of these allergens to the infants have been proven qualitatively and quantitatively. Maternal dietary allergen transfer can also be detected by the presence of antibody response in the infants. The relationship of maternal dietary allergens and sensitisation to the infants can be observed in prolonged breastfed infants. The benefit of maternal dietary avoidance may be found either early from the beginning of pregnancy or in the lactation period. Factors predicting the onset of atopic disease are the nature of dietary protein in breast milk, lgA in breast milk, family history of atopy, allergen exposure, cord blood IgE and contributory factors. Evaluation of infants with sensitivity to dietary allergen in breast milk mainly is DBPCFC. Preventive measure is still avoidance of maternal dietary allergen. The mainstay of treatment is avoidance of the offending foods obtained from food challenge.
References
2. Hattevig G, Kjellman B, Sigurs M, Grodzinsky, Hed J, Bjorksten B. The Effect of maternal avoidance of eggs, cows milk and fish during lactation on the development of IgE, IgG and lgA antibodies in infants. J Allergy Clin lmununol. 1990; 85: 108-15.
3. Zeiger RS, Reller S, Millon MH, Forsyshe AB, O'connor RD, Hamburger RN, Schatz M. Effect of combined maternal and infant food allergen avoidance on development of atopy in early infancy: A randomized study. J Allergy Clin lmmunol. 1989, 84:72-89.
4. Harmatz PR, Blocj KJ. Transfer of dietary protein in breast milk. Ann Allergy 1988; 61:21-4.
5. Telemo E, Westrom B, Dahl G. Transfer of orally or intravenously administered proteins to the mi1k o!' the lactating rat. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1986; 5-30.
6. Halsey JF, Johnson BH, Cobra JJ. Transport of immunoglobulins from serum into colostrum. J Exp Med 1980; 151:767.
7. Kilshaw PJ, Cant AJ. The passage of maternal dietary proteins in human breast milk. Int Arch Allergy Appl lmmunol. 1984: 75:8.
8. Axelson l, ,Jakobson I, Linberg T. Bovine betalactoglobulin in the human milk: a longitudinal study during the whole lactation period. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986; 75:702.
9. Machtinger S, Moss R. Cow's milk allergy in breastfed infants: The role of allergen and maternal secretory IgA antibod . J Allergy Clin lmmunol. 1986; 77:341-7.
10. Troncone R, Scarcella A, Donatiello A. Passage of Gliadin into human breast milk Acta Paediatr Scand 1987; 76:453.
11. Clyne P8, Kulczycki A. Human breast milk contains Bovine IgG. Relationship to Infant Colic. Pediatrics 1991; 87:439-44.
12. Busino L, Loppi M, Morse NL, Wright S. Breast milk from mothers of children with newly develop atopic eczema has low levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Allergy Clin Immunol1993; 91:1134-9.
13. Jackson PG, Lessof MA, Baker RWR, Ferret J, MacDonald DM. Intestinal permeability in patients With eczema and food allergy. Lancet 1981; 1:1285-6.
14. HostA, Husby J, Hansen LG, Osterballe 0. Bovine blg in breast milk from atopic and non atopic mothers, relationship to maternal intake of homogenized and unhomogenized milk. Clin Exp Allergy 1990; 20:383-7.
15. Makinen Kilyunen S, Palosno T. A sensitibe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determnation of bovine beta lactoglobulin in infant feeding formulas and in breast milk. Allergy 1992; 47:347-52.
16. Axelson I, Jakobson I, Lindberg T, Benediktsson B. Bovine betalactoglobulin in breast milk. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986; 75:702-7.
17. Jakobson I, Lindberg T, Benediktsson B, Hanson BG. Dietary bovine beta lactoglobulin is transferred to breast milk. Acta Paediatr Scand 1985; 74:342-5.
18. Faith-Magnuson K. Breast milk antibodies to foods in relation to maternal diet maternal atopy and the development of atopic disease in the baby. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1989, 90:297-300.
19. Kuitunen M, Savilahti E, Sarnesto A. Human Alpha lactalbumin and bovine betalactoglobulin absorption in infants. Allergy 1994; 49:354-60.
20. Kemeny DM, Price JF, Richardson V, Richards D, Lessof MH. The IgE and IgG subclass antibody response to foods in babies during the first year of life and their relationship to feeding regimen and the development of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;87:920-9.
21. Kaplan MS, Solli NJ. Immunoglobulin E to cow's milk protein in breast-fed atopic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1979; 64:122-6.
22. Savilahti E, Tainio VM, Salmempera L, Siimes MA, Perheentupa J. Prolonged exclusive breast feeding and heredity as determinants in infantile atopy. Arch Dis Child. 1987·62:269-73.
23. Hanson LA, Ahlstedt S, Anderson B. Protective factors in milk and the development of immune system. Pediatrics. 1985, 76(suppl): 172-6.
24. Barau E, Dupont C. Allergy to cow's protein in mother's milk or in hydrolysed cow's milk infant formulas as assessed by intemal permeability measurements. Allergy. 1994;49:295-8.
25. Jakobson I, Lindberg T. Cow's milk protein cause infantile colic in breastfed infants: a double blind crossover study. Pediatrics. 1983; 71 :268.
26. Cant AJ, Bailes JA, Marsden A. EIIect of maternal dietary exclusion on breast fed infants with eczema: two controlled studies. Br Med J , 1986;293:331.
27. Cant AJ, Bailes JA, Marsden A. Cow's milk, soya milk and goats milk in mother's diet causing eczema and diarrhoea in her breast fed infant. Acta Pediatr Scand 1985; 74:467.
28. Strobel S. Dietary manipulation and induction of tolerance. J Pediatr 1992; 121 :S74-9.
29. Hourihane JOB, bean TP, Warner JO. Peanut Allergy in relation to heredity, maternal diet and other atopic diseases: results of a questionaire survey, skin pricktesting and food challenges. BMJ 1996; 313:518-21.
30. Chandra RK, Puri S, Cheema PS. Influence of maternal food antigen avoidance during pregnancy and lactation on incidence of atopic eczema in infants. Clin Allergy 1986; 16:563-71.
31. Magnuson KF, Kjellman NIM. Allergy prevention by maternal elimination diet during late pregnancy A. 5 year follow up of a randomizal study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 89:709-13.
32. Lovegrove JA, Hampton SM, Morgan JB. The imniunological and longterm atopic outcome of infants born to women following a milk free diet during late pregnancy and lactation: a pilot study. Br J Nutr 1994; 71:223-38.
33. Kjellman NIM. Predictive value of high lgE levels in children. Acta Paediatr Scand 1976; 65:465.
34. Bahna SL. Factors determirling development of allergy in infants. Allergy Proc 1992; 13:21-5.
35. Caffarell C, Cavagni G, Giodano S, Stopane I, Rossi C. Relationship between oral challenges with previously uningested egg and egg specific IgE antibodies and skin prick test in infants with food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol1995; 95:1215-20.
36. Sampson HA, Albego R. Comparison of results of skin tests, RAST and DBPCFC in children with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol1984; 74:26-33.
37. Aryanto H, Partana JS, Partana L. The Allergy management of bronchial asthma in children in Surabaya. Paediatr Indones 1990; 30:261-5.
38. Sasai K, Furukawa S, Kaneko K, Yabuta K, Baba M. Fecal IgE levels in infants at 1 month of age as indication of atopic disease. Allergy 1994; 49:791-4.
39. Zeiger RS, Heller S, Mellon M, O'connor R, Hamburger RN. Effectiveness of dietary manipulation in the prevention of food allergy in infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986; 78:224-37.
40. Businco L, Bruno G, Giampietro PG, Ferara M. Is prevention of food allergy worth while? J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1993; 3:232-6.
41. Hide DW, Mathews S, Matheuss L, Stevens M, Ridout S, Twiselton R, Gant C, Arshod SH. Effect of allergen avoidance in infancy on allergic manifestations at age two years. 0 Allergy Clin Immunol 1994; 93:842-6.
42. Gerrard JW, MacKenzie JWA, Goluboff N. Cow's milk allergy: Prevalence and manifestation in an unselected series of newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand 1973; 234(suppl): 1.
43. Hoffman K, Sampson HA. Evaluation and management of patients with Adverse Food Reactions. In: Bierman CW, Pearlman DS, Shaphiro GG, Busse WW (eds). Allergy, Asthma and Immunology from Infancy to adulthood. 3rd ed Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1996; 665-86.
44. Kocolis S, Gryboski. Use of cromolyn in combined gastrointestinal allergy. JAmMed Assoc 1979; 242:1169-73.
45. Van Elburg RM, Hegman HSA, deMonchy JGR. Effect of disodium cromoglycate on intestinal permeability changes and clinical response during cow's milk. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1993; 4:79-85.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Accepted 2018-02-13
Published 1999-08-30