Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children
Keywords:
pulmonary, tuberculosis, diagnosis.
Abstract
1. A definite diagnosis of tuberculosis can only be established on the basis of the finding of the tubercle bacilli.2. The isolation of the mycobacterium tuberculosis from a child is subject to difficulties:
a. the necessity of gastric lavage for 3 consecutive days, which is difficult to perform ambulatory.
b. the necessity of the proper facilities of a microbiologic laboratory.
c. the outcome is often not sufficiently high.
3. It is concluded that at the moment making of the bacteriological diagnosis of child tuberculosis is not practical, so that we are forced to depend on the clinical diagnosis.
4. The tuberculin test is very important in establishing the diagnosis. It is recommended to perform this test routinely on every child once a year and also that every medical doctor as well as specialist performs this test to detect a case of TBC at the earliest possible moment.
References
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COMSTOCK, G.W., FURCOLOW, M.L., GREENBERG, R.A., GRYBOWSKI, S., MACLEAN, R.A., BAER, H. and EDWARDS, P.Q. : The tuberculin skin test. Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 104 : 769 (1971).
Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis, national tuberculosis and respiratory disease association, New York, 1969.
EMERY, J.L. and LORBER, J. : Radiological and pathological correlation of miliary tuberculosis of lungs in children. With special reference to choroidal tubercles. Br. med. J. 2 : 702 - 704 (1950).
GERBEAUX, J. : Primary tuberculosis in childhood. (Charles C Thomas Publ., Springfield Illinois USA 1970).
GRIEP, W.A. : Tuberculin conversion. Proc. tuberculosis research council, No. 47, p. 5 - 23 (1960).
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HIGH, R.H. In Nelson’s Textbook of Pediatrics. 9th. Asian Edition, p. 594 - 612. (Saunders, Igaku Shoin Tokyo 1969).
HOLT, L.E., Mc INTOSH R., and BARNETT, H.L. : Pediatrics, p. 1212. Thirteenth Edition. (Appleton - Century - Crofts, New York, 1962).
JOOST, Van C.R.N. F. en BLEIKER, M.A. : Epidemiologie van tuberculose en tuberculinehuid gevoelegheid. (Stafleu’s wetenschappelijke uitgevers maatschappij. Leiden, (1966).
KENDIG, E.L. Jr. : Pulmonary disorders Vol. I Disorders of the respiratory tract in children. 2nd Edition, (Saunders, Philadelphia, London, Toronto 1972).
LANDI, S., HELD, H.R., and TSENG, M.C. : Disparity of potency between stabilized and nonstabilized dilute tuberculin solutions. Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 104 : 385 (1971).
LIEM TJAY TIE : Tentang tuberkulose kanak-kanak. Berita tuberculosa Indonesiensis. Tahun II: 12-49 (1955).
LINCOLN, E.M., and SEWELL, E.M.: Tuberculosis in children (Mc. Graw Hill, New York 1963).
LOTTE, A. and PERDRIZTE, S.: Risk of tuberculous infection in newborns tuberculin conversion. Proceedings XIII International Congress of Pediatrics. Vol. 6 : 181 - 189 (1971).
MEHTA, J.B., SUKHANI, S.C., SAXENA, S. : BCG vaccination in newborns and tuberculin conversion. Proceedings XIII International Congress of Pediatrics. Vol. 6 : 227 - 232 (1971).
RAJU, V.B. and NARMADA, R. : Evaluation of BOG vaccination in children below six years. A pilot study. Indian Pediatr. 7:532-540 (1970).
ZARABI, M. SANE, S. and GIRDANY, B.R. : The chest roentgenogram in the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children. Amer. J. Dis, child. 121 : 389 (1971).
COMSTOCK, G.W., FURCOLOW, M.L., GREENBERG, R.A., GRYBOWSKI, S., MACLEAN, R.A., BAER, H. and EDWARDS, P.Q. : The tuberculin skin test. Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 104 : 769 (1971).
Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis, national tuberculosis and respiratory disease association, New York, 1969.
EMERY, J.L. and LORBER, J. : Radiological and pathological correlation of miliary tuberculosis of lungs in children. With special reference to choroidal tubercles. Br. med. J. 2 : 702 - 704 (1950).
GERBEAUX, J. : Primary tuberculosis in childhood. (Charles C Thomas Publ., Springfield Illinois USA 1970).
GRIEP, W.A. : Tuberculin conversion. Proc. tuberculosis research council, No. 47, p. 5 - 23 (1960).
HASAN M. ,dan HAN SIK LIANG : Survey tuberkulosis daerah pedusunan. Maj. Kedok. Indones. 9 : 104 (1965).
HIGH, R.H. In Nelson’s Textbook of Pediatrics. 9th. Asian Edition, p. 594 - 612. (Saunders, Igaku Shoin Tokyo 1969).
HOLT, L.E., Mc INTOSH R., and BARNETT, H.L. : Pediatrics, p. 1212. Thirteenth Edition. (Appleton - Century - Crofts, New York, 1962).
JOOST, Van C.R.N. F. en BLEIKER, M.A. : Epidemiologie van tuberculose en tuberculinehuid gevoelegheid. (Stafleu’s wetenschappelijke uitgevers maatschappij. Leiden, (1966).
KENDIG, E.L. Jr. : Pulmonary disorders Vol. I Disorders of the respiratory tract in children. 2nd Edition, (Saunders, Philadelphia, London, Toronto 1972).
LANDI, S., HELD, H.R., and TSENG, M.C. : Disparity of potency between stabilized and nonstabilized dilute tuberculin solutions. Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 104 : 385 (1971).
LIEM TJAY TIE : Tentang tuberkulose kanak-kanak. Berita tuberculosa Indonesiensis. Tahun II: 12-49 (1955).
LINCOLN, E.M., and SEWELL, E.M.: Tuberculosis in children (Mc. Graw Hill, New York 1963).
LOTTE, A. and PERDRIZTE, S.: Risk of tuberculous infection in newborns tuberculin conversion. Proceedings XIII International Congress of Pediatrics. Vol. 6 : 181 - 189 (1971).
MEHTA, J.B., SUKHANI, S.C., SAXENA, S. : BCG vaccination in newborns and tuberculin conversion. Proceedings XIII International Congress of Pediatrics. Vol. 6 : 227 - 232 (1971).
RAJU, V.B. and NARMADA, R. : Evaluation of BOG vaccination in children below six years. A pilot study. Indian Pediatr. 7:532-540 (1970).
ZARABI, M. SANE, S. and GIRDANY, B.R. : The chest roentgenogram in the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children. Amer. J. Dis, child. 121 : 389 (1971).
Published
2017-05-29
How to Cite
1.
Santosa G. Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children. PI [Internet]. 29May2017 [cited 23Apr.2024];15(11-12):286-6. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/1432
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Received 2017-05-29
Accepted 2017-05-29
Published 2017-05-29
Accepted 2017-05-29
Published 2017-05-29
