Antidiarrheal characteristics of tempe produced traditionally and industrially in children aged 6-24 months with acute diarrhea

  • Yati Soenarto Departments of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
  • Sudigbia I Departments of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang
  • Herman Herman Departments of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition Research and Development Center, Bogor
  • Karmini M Departments of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition Research and Development Center, Bogor
  • Karyadi D Departments of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition Research and Development Center, Bogor
Keywords: acute diarrhea, feeding therapy, fermented soya.

Abstract

A randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate tempe-based formulated foods for
treatment of young Indonesian children suffering from acute diarrhea. A total of 214 cases aged between 6 and 24 months
visiting two teaching hospitals, i.e., Sardjito hospital (n=102) in Yogyakarta and Karyadi hospital (n=112) in Semarang. Two
cases from one hospital were dropped because they moved to other towns. In addition to their hospital food given during
hospitalization and daily food at home, 72 cases were given tempe-based formulated foods with tempe produced traditionally
(group TT), 72 were given tempe produced industrially (group IT), whereas a control group of 68 received soybean powder
formulated foods (group IS). Formula feedings were started immediately following WHO (world health organization) standard
oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and continued at the patients homes for up to 90 consecutive days, including feedings during
hospitalization. Follow-up observations at patients homes were conducted twice weekly. The initial clinical characteristics of
the cases in each group were similar. Using analysis of variance there was a non significant trend towards a shorter duration
of diarrhea in the groups using tempe based formula (p=0.079). Using the t-test, the duration of diarrhea appeared to be
significantly shorter only for the group using formula with traditional tempe compared with the group using soy formula
(p=0.035). The total amount of feeding formula and the total amount of calories consumed at the hospital and at home was
similar for all three groups, although the group receiving the control formula consumed a somewhat higher amount of breast
milk (p=0.045) and a lower amount of solid food at home. Weight for age was below normal at the start of the study or after
rehydration (Z-score between -1.0 and -1.4) and approached the normal value at the end of the study for all three groups (Zscore
between -0.51 and -0.27). The increase in Z-score was highest in the groups receiving tempe based formula (+1.0 in
the TT group and +0.9 in the IT group) and lowest in the IS group (+0.7). This implies that a tempe based formula can diminish
the duration of acute diarrhea and improve weight gain following an episode of acute diarrhea.

References

1. Shurtleff W & Aoyagi A. The book of tempe, a superior soyfood from Indonesia. New York, Harper & Row Publishers 1979.
2. De Reu JC. Solid subtrate fermentation of soya beans to tempe, process innovations and product characteristic. Doctor dissertation, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 1995.
3. Liem ITH, Steinkraus KH, Cronk TC. Production of vitamin B12 in tempe, a fermented soybean food. Appl & Environ Microbiol 1977; 34:773-6.
4. Denter J, Bisping B. Formation of B-vitamins by bacteria during the soaking process of soybeans for the tempe fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 1994; 22:23-31.
5. Callowy D, Doris H, Hickey CA & Murphy EL. Reduction of intestinal gas-forming properties of legurnes by traditional and experimental food processing methods. J Food Sci, 1971; 36:251.
6. Moeljoprawiro S, Gordon DT, Fields ML. Bioavailiability of iron in fermented soybeans. J Food Sci 1987; 52: 102-5.
7. Moeljoprawiro S, Fields ML, Gordon D. Bioavailability of zink in fermented soybeans. J Food Sci 1988; 33:-3.
8. Astuti M, Uehar M, Suzuki K. Effects of tempe on iron, copper and zinc absorption and retention of iron deficient rats. J Agric Sci 1987.
9. Astuti M. Iron bioavailability of traditional Indonesian soybean tempe. Dissertation for the degree of Ph.D. Tokyo University of Agriculture Science of Food and Nutrition Department of Agricultural Technology, Yogyakarta,
Gadjah Mada University, 1994.
10. Mien KM. Penggunaan makanan bayi formula tempe dalam diet bayi dan anak balita sebagai suatu daya upaya penanggulangan masalah diare. Disertasi Doktor, Institut Pertanian Bogor, 1987.
11. Karyadi D. Nutritional implications of tempe in Indonesia rural community. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1969; 131:579-83.
12. Haksohusodo S. Study of human rotavirus strains by cultivation,
electroserotyping and other recent methods for serotyping. Overseas internship report, Inter University Center, Biotechnology, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University 1988.
13. Dibley MJ, Sadjimin T, Kjolhede CL, Moulton LH. Vitamin A supplementation fails to reduce incidence of acute respiratory illness and diarrhea in preschool-age Indonesian children. J Nutr 1996; 126(2):434-42.
14. Soenarto Y, Haksohusodo S, Barnes G & Bishop R. Acute diarrhea and rotavirus infection in newborn babies and children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Elsevier Science Publishers BV Biomedical Division) Infectious diarrhea in the young. S Tzipori et al. 1985: 38-41.
15. WHO/CDR95.3. The treatment of diarrhea. A manual for physicians and other senior health workers. Geneva: WHO 1995.
16. Hadi S & Pamardyanto S. Statistic penelitian sosial. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1989.
17. Myo-Khon. A study on defecation frequency, stool weight, and consistency. Arch Dis Child 1994; 71:311-4.
18. Vio FR, Infante CB, Clara WC, Mardones-Santander F, Rossao PR. Validation of the deuterium dilution technique for the measurement of fluid intake in infants 1986; 40C:327-32.
19. Butte NF, Garza Z, Smith EO, Nichols BL. Evaluation of the deuterium dilution technique against the test-weighing procedure for the determination of breast milk intake. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 37:996-1003.
20. Butte NF, Ong WW, Patterson BW, Garza C, Klein PD. Human milk intake measured by administration of deuterium oxide to the mother: a comparison with the testweighing technique. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47:815-21.
21. Lucas A, Ewing G, Roberts SB, Coward WA. Measurement of milk intake by deuterium dilution. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62:796-800.
22. Bishop RF. Unicomb LE, Soenarto Y, Soewardji H, Ristanto, Barnes CL. Rotavirus serotypes causing acute diarrhea, 1989.
23. Sudigbia IP. Pengaruh suplementasi tempe terhadap kecepatan tumbuh pada penderita diare anak umur 6-24 (Disertasi), 1990.
Published
2001-04-30
How to Cite
1.
Soenarto Y, I S, Herman H, M K, D K. Antidiarrheal characteristics of tempe produced traditionally and industrially in children aged 6-24 months with acute diarrhea. PI [Internet]. 30Apr.2001 [cited 5Oct.2024];41(3-4):88-5. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/1244
Section
Articles
Received 2017-02-01
Accepted 2017-02-01
Published 2001-04-30