Iron status in breast-fed infants

  • I Gusti Ayu Asih Ratnadi Department of Child Health, University of Udayana Medical School/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali
  • Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih Department of Child Health, University of Udayana Medical School/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/pi41.4.2001.191-6
Keywords: iron status, breast feeding, food supplementation, infants

Abstract

Ninety infants were selected stratified proportionally random sampling and they met the inclusion criteria. Iron status was determined by the serum ferritin level concentration. The nutritional status was determined by the body weight to age based on the standard criteria of WHO NCHS. The quality of food was defined by asking the parents to keep a diary of consumed in the last 7 days minimally for three days. Out of the 90 infants, 50.4 % of them were males and 45.6 % of them were females. Most of them (93.7%) had normal nourished and 8.3 % had undernourished. The prevalence status of low iron was 18.9%. The low iron status began to occur at the age of 4 – 6 months old (6%) and the highest at the age of 9 – 12 months old (65%). Statistically significant differences were found between the iron status and the quality of food supplements over age group. The low quality of food is a risk factor influence the status of low iron. It is suggested that the iron supplements be given to breast-fed infant at the age of 4 – 6 months old.

References

1. Lonnerdal B, Dewey KG. Epidemiology of iron deficiency in infants and children. Annales Nesle 1995; 1-7.
2. Pipes PG. Nutrition in Infancy. In: Mahan LK, Arlin MT, Eds. Krause’s Food, Nutrition & Diit Therapy. 8th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1992; 177-92.
3. Czajka-Narins DM. Minerals. In: Mahan LK, Arlin MT, Ed. Krause’s Food, Nutrition & Diit Therapy. 8th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company,1992; 109-40.
4. Setianingsih I. Anemia Defisiensi Besi dan Prestasi. In: Wahidayat I, Gatot D, Mangunatmaja I, Eds. Naskah lengkap Pendidikan Kedokteran Berkelanjutan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FK UI XXIV. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI, 1991.
5. Lozoff B, Wolf AW, Jimenez E. Iron-deficiency and infant development : Effects of extended oral iron therapy. J Pediatr 1996; 129:382-9.
6. Hassan K, Sullivan KM, Yip R, Woodruff BA. Factors associated with anemia in refugee children. J-Nutr 1997; 127 (11):2194-8.
7. Zhao XH. Nutritional situation of Beijing residents. Southeast Asia J Trop Med Public Health 1992; 23 Suppl 3:65-8.
8. Solihin P. Ilmu gizi klinis pada anak, 2nd ed. Jakarta : FK UI; 1993.p.188-190.
9. Przytulski KR, Lutz CA . Nutrition and diet theory. Philadelphia: F A Davis Company; 1994.p.287-9.
10. Debra L, Bogen, Anne K, Duggan, George D, Modena HW. Screening for iron deficiency anemia by dietary history in a high-risk population. Pediatrics 2000; 105:1254-8.
11. Ghazali MV, Sastromihardjo S, Rochani SS. dkk. Studi cross sectional. In: Sastroasmoro S dan Ismael S, Eds. Dasardasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Jakarta : Binarupa Aksara, 1995; 67-77.
12. Lea RG. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. In: Lea RG, Bithell TC, Foester J, et al. Ed. Wintrobe’s clinical hematology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1993;
811-20.
13. Cook JD. Iron-deficiency anaemia. In: Bailliere’s clinical Haematology; 7 (4), December 1994, 787-804.
14. Pizzaro F, Yip R, Dallman PR, Olivares M, Hertrampf E, Walter T. Iron status with different infant feeding regimens : Relevance to screening and prevention of iron deficiency. J Pediatr 1991; 118:687-92.
15. Calvo EB, Galindo AC, Aspres NB. Iron status in Ex196 Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 41 No. 7-8, July-August 2001 clusively Breast-Fed Infants. Pediatrics 1992; 90:375-79.
16. Siimes M, Salmenpera L, Perheentupa J. Exclusively breasfeeding for nine months risk of deficiency. J Pediatr 1984; 104:196-9.
17. Hokama T. Levels of serum ferritin and total body iron among infants with different feeding regimens. Acta – Paediatr Jpn 1993; 35 (4):298-301.
18. Pisacane A, Vizia BD, Valiante A, et al. Iron status in breast-fed infants. J Pediatr 1995; 127:429-31.
19. Sri SN. Dasar-dasar ilmiah fortifikasi formula bayi. In: Agus F, Julfina B, Sri SN, Eds. Dari kehidupan intrauterin sampai terjadinya organ. Naskah lengkap Pendidikan kedokteran berkelanjutan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FK UI XLII. FK UI; 1999. 22-23 Februari; Jakarta : Balai Penerbit FK UI, 1999.
20. Rose S. Iron deficiency. http: //faculty.washington.edu/ momus/PB/fedef; page1 of 3.
21. Soemantri AG, Soenato Y, Sudigbia. Iron deficiency anemia in Indonesia, procceding of the 4th meeting of Asian Pacific division of the international society of technology. Seoul, 1979; 170.
22. Untario S, Tantri Y, Netty RA, Tedjo W, Bambang P. Blood hemoglobin concentration of children of low socioeconomy status in Surabaya. Maj. Kedok.Indon. 1976; 26: 990-93.
23. Sutedjo R, Samsudin. Anemia in infants and children. Mother and Child 1976; 4:8-10.
Published
2001-08-30
How to Cite
1.
Ratnadi IGA, Soetjiningsih S. Iron status in breast-fed infants. PI [Internet]. 30Aug.2001 [cited 24Dec.2024];41(7-8):191-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/1073
Issue
Vol 41 No 7-8 (2001): July 2001
Section
Articles

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

Received 2016-11-22
Accepted 2016-11-22
Published 2001-08-30