Early kangaroo mother care vs. conventional method in stabilizing low birth weight infant: physiologic parameters (preliminary report)

Rulina Suradi; Piprim B. Yanuarso; Sudigdo Sastroasmoro; Nani Dharmasetiawani

doi:10.14238/pi42.6.2002.273-9

Rulina Suradi Departments of Child Health, University of Indonesia Medical School/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
Piprim B. Yanuarso Departments of Child Health, University of Indonesia Medical School/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro Departments of Child Health, University of Indonesia Medical School/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
Nani Dharmasetiawani Budi Kemuliaan Maternity Hospital, Jakarta

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/pi42.6.2002.273-9

Keywords: low birth weight infant, kangaroo mother care method, stabilization of LBWl

Abstract

Background Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been accepted as an effective method in nursing low birth weight infant (LBWI). However, the application of this method in the early life of infants has not been studied in Indonesia.

Objective To evaluate some physiologic parameters of LBWI treated with early KMC compared to conventional method.

Methods This was a randomized clinical-trial, which compared early KMC to conventional method in stabilizing LBWI in the first 4 hours of life. All LBWI (birth weight 1500-2499 g) bom at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Budi Kemuliaan Matemity Hospital Jakarta were recruited consecutively in the period of November 2001 until March 2002. The inclusion criteria were spontaneous delivery, APGAR scores 13t and 5th minute 37, and parental consent.

Results Sixty-four subjects distributed evenly into early KMC group and control group. One subject in the KMC group and three subjects in the control group were excluded due to respiratory distress. The mean birth weight was 2091 (SO 299.4) g in the KMC group and 2184 (SO 214.9) g inthe control group. The mean gestational-age in both groups was 35.6 (SO 3.0) weeks. There were no statistical differences in mean temperature (P=0.281), heart rate (P=0.956), and respiratory rate (P=0.898) between the two groups during the first 4 hours of life. We found a larger proportion of infants reaching the temperature of 36.5QC in the KMC group, especially at one hour (49% vs. 7%); the difference of proportion was 0.42 (95%CI 0.22 to 0.61).

Conclusion Early KMC method is proved to be as safe as conventional method in stabilizing healthy LBWI.

References

1. Christensson K, Siles C, Moreno L, Belaustequi A, De La Fuente P, Lagercrantz H, et al. Temperature, metabolic adaptation and crying in healthy futt-term newborns cared for skin-to-skin or in a cot. Acta Paediatr 1992;81:488-93.
2. Mondlane RP, da Graca AMP, Ebrahim GJ. Skin-to-skin contact as a method of body warmth for infants of low birth weight. J Teop Pediatc 1989;35:321-6.
3. Acolet D, Sleath K, Whitelaw A. Oxygenation, rate and temperature in low birth weight infants during skin-to-skin contact with their mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand 1989; 78: 189-93.
4. Bauer K , Uhrig C. Sperling P, Pasel K , Wieland C, Versmold HT. Body temperatures and oxygen consumption during skin-to-skin (kangaroo) care in stable preterm infants weighing less than 1500 grams. J Pediatr 1997; 1.30:240-4.
5. World Health Organizarion. Thermal control of the newborn: a practical guide. WH O/FHE/MSM/93.2.
6 . Whitelaw A , Sleath K. Myth of the marsupial mother: home care of very low birth weight babies in Bogota, Colombia. The Lancet 1985;1:1206-8.
7. Cattaneo A, Davanzo R, Uxa F, Tamburlini G. Recommendations for the implementation of kangaroo mother-care for low birth weight infants. Acta Paediatr 1998;87:440-5.
8. Ludington-Hoe SM, Golant SK. Kangaroo care, the best you can do to help your preteml infant, New York: Bantam Books; 1993. p. 3-30.
9. Sloan NL, Camacho LWL, Rojas EP, Stern C. Kangaroo mother method: randomized controlled trial of an alternative method of care for stabilized low birth weight infants. The L.ancet 1994;44:782-5.
10. Bergman NJ, Jurisoo LA. The kangaroo method treating low birth weight babies in a developing countrry. Tropical Doctor 1994;24:57-60.
11. Christensson K, Bhat GJ, Amadi BC, Eriksson B, Hojer B. Randomized study of skin-to-skin versus incubator care for rewarming low risk hypothermic neonates. The Lancet 1998;352: 1115.
12. Charpak N, Ruiz-Pelaez JG, Figueroa de ez, Charpak Y. Kangaroo mother versus traditional care for newborn infants Â£2000 grams: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 1997;100:683-8.
13. Cattaneo A, Davanzo R Worku B, Surjono A, Echeverria M, Bedri A, et al. Kangaroo mother care for low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial in different settings. Acta Paediatr 1998;87:976-85.
14. Charpak N, Ruiz-Pelaez .IG, Charpak Y. Rey-Martinez kangaroo mother program: an alternative way of caring for low birth weight infants? One-year mortality in a twoâ€¢ cohort study. Pediatric, 1994;94:804-10.
15. Whitelaw A. Kangaroo baby care: just a nice experience or an important advance for preterm infants? Pediatrics 1990;85:604-5.
16. Charpak N, Ruiz-Pelaez ]G, Figueroa de CZ, Charpak Y. A randomized, controlled trial of kangaroo mother care: results of follow-up at 1 year of corrected age. Pediatrics 200l;108:1072-9,.
17. FeldmanR, Eidelman AI, Sirota L, Weller A. Comparison of skin-to-skin (kangaroo) and traditional care: parenting outcomes and preterm infant development. Pediatrics 2002;110:16-26.
18. Hurst NM, Valentine CJ, Renfro L, Burns P, Ferlic L. Skin-to-skin holding in the neonatal intensive care unir influences maternal milk volume. J Perinatol 1997; 17:213-7.
19. Funnan L, Minich N, Hack M. Correlates of lactation in mothers of very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2002;109:e57
20. Gray L. Skin-to-skin contact is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics 2000; 1 05:e14.
21. Tessier R, Cristo M, Velez S, Giron M, Figueroa de Calume Z, Ruiz-Pelaez JG, et al. Kangaroo mother care and the bonding hypothesis. Pediatrics 1998;102:1-8.
22. Anderson GC. Touch and the kangaroo care method. In: Field TM, editor. Touch in early development. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1995. p. 35-51.
23. Alisjahbana A, Usman A, Irawaty S, Triyati A. Prevention of hypothermia of low birth infants using the kangaroo method. Paediatr Indones 1998;38;205-14.
24. Suradi R, Chair I, Thaha RM. Acceptance of the kangaroo care method bv mothers in the rural area. Paediatr Indones 1998;38:215-9.
25. Gomella TL. Hypoglycemia. In: Gomlla, Cunningham MD, Eyal FG, Zenk KE, editors. Neonatology: management, procedures, on-call problems, diseases, and drugs. New York: Lange Medical Books, 1999. p 247-51.
26. Bobnhorst B, Heyne T, Peter CS, Poets CF. Skin-to-skin kangaroo care, respiratory control, and thermoregulation. J Pediatr 2001 ;118:193-7.
27. Bauer K , Uhrig C, Sperling P, Pase! K , Wieland C, Vesmold H. Body temperatures and oxygen consumption during skin-to-skin (kangaroo) care in stable preterm infants weighing less than 1500 grams. J Pediatr. 1997;130:240-4.
28. Bauer K, Pyper A, Sperling P, Uhrig C, Versmold H. Effects of gestational and postnatal age on body temperature, oxygen consumption, and activity during early skin-to-skin contact between pretem infants of 25-30 week gestation and their mothers [abstract]. Pediatr Res. 1998;44:247-51.
29. Ludington-Hoe SM. Kangaroo care compared to incubators in maintaining body warmth in preterm infants [abstract]. Bioi Res Nurs. 2000;2:60-73.
30. Ludington-Hoe SM, Golant SK. Kangaroo care, the best you can do to help your preterm infant. New York: Bantam Books; 1993. p. 67-84.