2024-03-28T09:09:27Z
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/index/oai
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/158
2020-07-14T05:15:03Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:INF
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/2671
2021-12-22T02:14:33Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:RES
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/2672
2021-12-22T02:14:33Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:GAS
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/2674
2021-12-22T02:14:33Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:NEU
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/2675
2021-12-22T02:14:33Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:DEV
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/2676
2021-12-22T02:14:33Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ALE
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/2677
2021-12-22T02:14:33Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:CAS
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/2951
2022-06-30T11:07:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:SA
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/21
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Corticosteroids and obesity in steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
Lestari, Nina
Nurani, Neti
Julia, Madarina
Background Children with nephrotic syndrome need high-dose corticosteroids to achieve remission. Studies have estimated a 35-43% risk of obesity in these patients after corticosteroid treatment.Objective To determine the prevalence of obesity in children who received corticosteroids for nephrotic syndrome, and to compare the risk of obesity in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study in 50 children with SSNS or SRNS who received corticosteroid treatment. Obesity was defined to be a BMI-for-age Z-score above +2.0 SD, according to the WHO Growth Reference 2007. Central obesity was defined to be a waist-to-height ratio > 0.50.Results The overall prevalence of obesity was 22%, with 29% and 14% in the SSNS and SRNS groups, respectively. The overall prevalence of central obesity was 50%, with 54% and 46% in the SSNS and SRNS groups, respectively. The cumulative steroid doses in this study were not significantly different between the SSNS and SRNS groups. There were also no significant differences between groups for risk of obesity (RR 2.53; 95%CI 0.58 to 10.99) or central obesity (RR 1.39; 95%CI 0.45 to 4.25).Conclusion In children with nephrotic syndrome who received corticosteroids, the prevalence of obesity is 22% and of central obesity is 50%. In a comparison of SSNS and SRNS groups, cumulative steroid dose as well as risks of obesity and central obesity do not significantly differ between groups.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/21
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.194-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 194-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/21/840
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/22
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Effect of intravenous gentamicin on urinary calcium excretion in newborns
Tan, Kurniawan
Umboh, Adrian
Runtunuwu, Ari
Background Studies in newborns and animals have shown that gentamicin increases urinary calcium excretion. New recommendation for gentamicin in newborns is administered intravenously 36-48 hourly. Subsequent to this new recommendation, there have been no further studies on the effects of extended gentamicin dosage on urinary calcium excretion in newborns.Objective To assess the effect of intravenous gentamicin on urinary calcium excretion in newborns.Methods This pretest – posttest study was done in the Neonatology Division of Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, from August to November 2013. Subjects were full-term newborns who received intravenous gentamicin every 36 hours and whose parents provided informed consent. We excluded newborns with asphyxia and cardiovascular shock, also those who received diuretics or steroids. Urine spot collection was done before, after the first dose, and after the second dose of intravenous gentamicin. Urinary calcium and creatinine levels were measuerd. Urine calcium excretion was defined as the ratio of urinary calcium to creatinine level.Results Of 28 newborns, there were 16 males and 12 females. The median of urine calcium creatinine ratio before intravenous gentamicin was 0.021 (range 0.004 to 0.071) mg/mg. After first dose of gentamicin, the median ratio was 0.043 (range 0.009 to 0.156) mg/mg, and after the second dose of gentamicin, the median ratio was 0.144 (range 0.015 to 1.160) mg/mg.Conclusion There is a significant increase in urinary calcium excretion after the first and second doses of intravenous gentamicin. Furthermore, a cumulative effect of gentamicin on urinary calcium excretion is observed after the second dose.Â
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/22
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.185-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 185-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/22/838
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/23
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Skin prick test reactivity in atopic children and their number of siblings
Siregar, Beatrix
Irsa, Lily
Supriatmo, Supriatmo
Loebis, Sjabaroeddin
Evalina, Rita
Background Some studies have shown that low birth order is a risk factor for developing atopy, although these results remain inconclusive. Those studies put forth the hygiene hypothesis, which states that early childhood infections in siblings may protect against atopy. Hence, an inverse relationship between family numbers and atopy was found. Atopy may be diagnosed from a history of atopy in an individual or his family, and can be confirmed by specific IgE for allergens or positive skin prick tests.Objective To assess for an association between skin prick test reactivity in atopic children and their number of siblings.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in May to June 2010 in elementary school children at the Kampung Baru District, Medan Regency, North Sumatera. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I had children with < 3 siblings and group II had children with ≥ 3 siblings. Skin prick tests were done in 7 to 10-year-old children with a history of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Skin prick test reactivity results were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results A total of 192 subjects were enrolled in this study, with 96 subjects in each group. Positive skin prick tests were significantly higher in subjects with <3 siblings than in those with >3 siblings (75% and 53.1%, respectively; P=0.003).Conclusion Atopic children with <3 siblings had more positive skin prick tests than children with >3 siblings.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/23
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.189-93
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 189-93
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/23/839
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/24
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Developmental performance in small for gestational age children with and without catch-up growth
Lestari, Hesti
As’ad, Suryani
Yusuf, Irawan
Umboh, Adrian
Febriani, Andi Dwi Bahagia
Background Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) have an increased risk of developmental delay. The influence of catch-up growth on developmental function remains unknown.Objective To compare the development of SGA children with and without catch-up growth.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Manado from March to July 2013. Subjects were children aged 2-3 years, that born SGA from March 2010 to June 2011 in Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital. Catch-up growth was defined as height-for-age more than -2SD on the 2006 WHO growth chart, and subjects were classified into the with and without catch-up growth groups. Developmental status was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) 3rd edition, through interviews with parents. We compared the developmental status between the with and without catch-up growth groups used Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of P < 0.05.Results Of the 112 SGA children, 66 (58.9%) had catch-up growth and 46 (41.1%) did not. The SGA children with catch up growth had significant better development performances of gross motor, fine motor, and problem solving. The mean ASQ centiles of the with and without catch-up groups were 55.15 (SD 7.843) [95%CI 53.52 to 57.08] and 48.80 (SD 11.264) [95%CI 45.46 to 52.15] in gross motor, respectively; 42.5 (SD 13.163) [95%CI 39.26 to 45.74] and 32.93 (SD 14.475) [95%CI 28.64 to 37.23] in fine motor, respectively; 46.74 (SD 13.112) [95%CI 43.52 to 49.97] and 40.98 (SD 11.480) [95%CI 37.57 to 44.39] in problem solving, respectively.Conclusion Small for gestational age children with catch-up growth have significantly better gross motor, fine motor, and problem-solving performance than those without catch-up growth.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/24
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.199-202
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 199-202
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/24/841
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/25
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Ventricular function and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in preterm infants with neonatal sepsis
Ramadhina, Nusarintowati
Sukardi, Rubiana
Advani, Najib
Rohsiswatmo, Rinawati
Putra, Sukman T.
Djer, Mulyadi M.
Background Hemodynamic instability in sepsis, especially in the neonatal population, is one of the leading causes of death in hospitalized infants. The major contribution for heart dysfunction in neonatal sepsis is the myocardial dysfunction that leads to decreasing of ventricular function. The combination of echocardiography and laboratory findings help us to understand the ventricular condition in preterm infants with sepsis.Objective To assess for a correlation between ventricular function and serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) level in preterm infants with neonatal sepsis.Methods We prospectively studied 30 preterm infants with neonatal sepsis who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from June 1 – August 31, 2013. The ventricular functions were measured using 2-dimensional echocardiography. The parameters of right ventricular (RV) function assessment were tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV myocardial performance index (MPI). For left ventricular (LV) performance, we assessed ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and LV-MPI. Serum hs-cTnT was measured and considered to be a marker of myocardial injury.Results Subjects had a mean gestational age of 31.5 (SD 2.18) weeks and mean birth weight of 1,525 (SD 437.5) g. The mean LV function measured by MPI was 0.281 (SD 0.075); mean EF was 72.5 (SD 5.09)%; and mean FS was 38.3 (SD 4.29)%. The RV function measured by TAPSE was mean 6.85 (SD 0.94) and that measured by MPI was median 0.255 (range 0.17-0.59). Serum hs-cTnT level was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors [282.08 (SD 77.81) pg/mL vs. 97.75 (24.2-142.2) pg/mL, respectively P =0.023]. There were moderate correlations between LV-MPI and hs-cTnT concentration (r=0.577; P=0.001), as well as between RV-MPI and hs-cTnT concentration (r=0.502; P=0.005). The positive correlation between LV and RV-MPI in neonatal sepsis was strong (r=0.77; P <0.001).Conclusion Left and right ventricular MPI show positive correlations with hs-cTnT levels. Serum hs-cTnT is significantly higher in non survivors. As such, this marker may have prognostic value for neonatal sepsis patients.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/25
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.203-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 203-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/25/842
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/26
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Nutritional status and malaria infection in primary school-aged children
Zakiah, Washli
Sembiring, Tiangsa
Irsa, Lily
Background The most common nutritional problem affecting the pediatric population in developing countries is protein energy malnutrition (PEM). The nutritional problem may be caused by a variety of factors, most of which are related inadequate food intake and infection. One of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality in endemic areas is malaria. Malaria infection and nutritional status have been suggested to be interrelated.Objective To assess for a relationship between nutritional status and malaria infection in children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in October and November 2010 in primary school children at Panyabungan City, North Sumatera Province. Peripheral thick and thin blood smear examinations were done to confirm the diagnosis of malaria. Participants were divided in two groups (malaria-infected and uninfected) by consecutive sampling. Nutritional status was determined by body weight and height measurements based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) chart. The mild and moderate malnutrition classification was further sub-divided into stunted and wasted, based on the 2007 NCHS/WHO chart. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and malaria infection.Results There were 126 children in each group. Significant differences in mild-moderate malnutrition were found between the malaria-infected and uninfected groups (23.8% vs. 46.8%, respectively; P= 0.011). There were also significant differences between the malaria-infected and uninfected groups with regards to chronic malnutrition type: stunted (20.0% vs. 37.3%, respectively; P=0.042) and stunted-wasted (6.7% vs. 28.8%, respectively; P= 0.008) in both groups of the children with mild-moderate malnutrition.Conclusion There are significantly more children with mild-moderate malnutrition in the uninfected group than in the malaria-infected group, furthermore, of those with mild-moderate malnutrition, there are significantly more stunted and stunted-wasted children who were uninfected than malaria-infected.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/26
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.209-14
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 209-14
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/26/843
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/30
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Melatonin level and sleep disorders in adolescents
Inigo, Andre
Lestari, Hesti
Masloman, Nurhayati
Lolombulan, Julius
Background Sleep disorder is defined as a disturbance in the quality and time of sleep. Decreased melatonin levels have been noted in people with sleep disorders. Melatonin is a neurohormone, produced mainly by the pineal gland, as well as a small part of the retina. Its function is to maintain normal circadian rhythms and it is related to sleep regulation in humans.Objective To assess for a relationship between melatonin levels and sleep disorders in adolescents.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on students of two secondary schools in Tuminting, Manado, North Sulawesi, from May to June 2013. Subjects were obtained by consecutive sampling for a total of 44 adolescents aged 12-15 years. Subjects filled questionnaires, underwent wrist actigraphy, and provided blood specimens for examination of melatonin levels. We used descriptive and logistic regression analyses to assess for relationships between variables.Results Thirty (68.2%) subjects experienced sleep disorders. There was a significant association between decreased melatonin levels and the higher incidence of sleep disturbances (P = 0.02).Conclusion There is a correlation between melatonin levels in adolescents with sleep disorders. Decreased melatonin levels are associated with sleep disorders.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/30
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.215-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 215-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/30/10
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/31
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Poliovirus shedding after the first and second doses of trivalent polio vaccines in newborns
Rusmil, Viramitha K.
Dhamayanti, Meita
Adi, Sunarjati Soedigdo
Megantara, Imam
Background The trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) produced by Bio Farma consists of three live, attenuated poliovirus serotypes (1, 2, and 3). The tOPV stimulates the formation of secretory IgA (sIgA) on the intestinal wall and lumen. The existence of sIgA is considered giving immunity in the intestines, it could prevent the spread of viral replication and thus inhibit the transmission of the polio virus.Objective To determine the differences in shedding after each of the first two tOPV immunizations in newborns.Methods This one-way repeated measure study was conducted in newborns from three primary health centers in Bandung, West Java. After administering tOPV to newborns, we assessed the shedding of poliovirus in their stool specimens at 30 days after the first dose and 7 days after the second dose. Data was analyzed using McNemar test with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to differentiate the shedding of poliovirus after the first and second doses.Results Of 150 children, 128 subjects completed the study. At 30 days after the first tOPV dose, 26 subjects (20.3%) were negative for shedding of poliovirus in stool specimens. Of the 102 subjects who had poliovirus isolated from their stools, the serotypes comprised of polio 1: 10.9%, polio 2: 14.8%, polio 3: 45.3%, polio 1 and 3: 3.1%, polio 2 and 3: 4.7%, and polio 1,2, and 3: 0.8%. At 7 days after the second tOPV dose, there was a significant increase in subjects negative for shedding of poliovirus (78 subjects; 60.9%). Statistical analysis revealed significantly decreased shedding of poliovirus in stool specimens between the first and second doses of tOPV (P<0.05 ).Conclusion There is a significantly decreased number of subjects with shedding of poliovirus in stool specimens 7 days after the second tOPV dose than at 30 days after the first tOPV dose.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/31
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.219-23
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 219-23
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/31/11
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/32
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Obesity and left ventricular mass in children
Mauliza, Mauliza
Ali, Muhammad
Deliana, Melda
Tobing, Tina Christina L
Background Obesity has negative effects on cardiac function during growth leading to increased heart size and mass, as a result of higher stroke volume and cardiac output.Objective To assess for a relationship between obesity and left ventricular mass (LVM) in children, as well as to assess for a correlation between the duration of obesity and LVM.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2011 until February 2012 in Medan and included 30 obese and 30 normal weight children, aged 6 to 13 years. All subjects underwent complete echocardiography examinations to assess LVM and other left ventricular parameters. The Devereux formula was used to measure LVM.Results During the study, 65 children underwent echocardiography, but 5 were subsequently excluded. The left ventricular dimensions in the obese group were significantly higher compared to normal weight group with regards to interventricular septum at end diastole (IVSd), interventricular septum at end systole (IVSS), left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd), left ventricular mass (LVM), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (P=0.0001). Duration of obesity and LVM had a moderate, positive correlation (r=0.407).Conclusion There is significantly higher LVM in the obese group than in the normal weight group. The duration of obesity had a moderate, positive correlation to LVM.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/32
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.224-29
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 224-29
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/32/12
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/33
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome associated with hyperglycemia in children requiring intensive care
Halim, Hendy
Suparyatha, Ida Bagus Gede
Arimbawa, I Made
Hartawan, I Nyoman Budi
Background Hyperglycemia can be caused by three or more organ dysfunctions and occurs in children requiring intensive care in the first 48 hours. Blood sugar level higher than 140 mg/dl is considered as hyperglycemia in children requiring intensive care.Objective To determine the association between multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in children requiring intensive care and hyperglycemia with blood sugar level higher than 140 mg/dl.Methods This case control study without matching was conducted on children aged 1 month-12 years from pediatric ward at Sanglah hospital during June-August 2012. We used consecutive sampling to recruit subjects, which then were screened by Pediatric Risk of Hospital Admission (PRISA) 2 score. All subjects were enrolled for blood sugar test, then divided into 2 groups; hyperglycemia with blood sugar level > 140 mg/dl as case and normoglycemia as control. We used organ dysfunction criteria to determine multiple organ dysfunction. The association between MODS and hyperglycemia was assessed by Chi-square test with 95% confidence interval and a statistical significance value of P < 0.05.Results Fifty two subjects were enrolled in this study. We excluded two subjects, hence each group consisted of 25 subjects. We found 18 subjects under and 7 subjects above five years old in hyperglycemia group. The association between multiple organ dysfunction and hyperglycemia was significant with an odds ratio of 10 (95% CI 3 to 38), P < 0.0001.Conclusion Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome had a significant association with hyperglycemia. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with hyperglycemia occurs ten times greater than with normoglycemia.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/33
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.230-4
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 230-4
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/33/13
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/34
2021-05-27T03:47:53Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Risk of nutritional status on diarrhea among under five children
Iskandar, Wiliam Jayadi
Sukardi, I wayan
Soenarto, Yati
Background Diarrhea is still the leading cause of children’s mortality worldwide and the main cause of malnutrition. Meanwhile, malnourished children are proven to have more severe, prolonged, and frequent episodes of diarrhea, making them a vicious circle.Objective To investigate the risk of nutritional status on diarrheal severity and duration as well as length of hospital stay.Methods We conducted a cross sectional study involving 176 under five children who admitted to Mataram Province Hospital with acute diarrhea since January until December 2013. We analyzed data using logistic regression model.Results Most subjects were infants (median 12 months, range 1-53), male (56.8%), well-nourished (85.8%), admitted with acute watery diarrhea (97.2%), mild-to-moderate dehydration (71.6%), diarrhea severity score ≥11 (74.4%), duration of diarrhea ≤7 days (96.6%), and length of stay <5 days (73.3%). Logistic regression model indicated significant risk of nutritional status on length of hospital stay (adjusted OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.38), but neither diarrheal severity (adjusted OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.38 to 2.80) nor duration of diarrhea (adjusted OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.13 to 10.89) indicated significant risks. However, malnourished children had more severe (76% versus 74.2%) and longer duration (4% versus 3.3%) of diarrhea than well-nourished children.Conclusion Nutritional status is the risk for length of hospital stay in under-five children admitted with acute diarrhea. [
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-07-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/34
10.14238/pi55.4.2015.235-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015; 235-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.4.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/34/14
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/35
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Prevalence and risk factors of hearing loss in children with solid tumors treated with platinum-based chemotherapy
Edward, Eka D
Rosdiana, Nelly
Farhat, Farhat
Siregar, Olga Rasiyanti
Lubis, Bidasari
Background The platinum-based chemotherapy drugs, cisplatin and carboplatin, are widely used in the treatment of several types of solid tumors. However, the treatment has side effects including hearing loss.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss related to platinum-based chemotherapy and to identify associated factors.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, from April to July 2012. Twenty-two subjects who fulfilled the eligibility criteria underwent otoacoustic emission evaluations. Eleven children had received cisplatin and eleven had received carboplatin. The association between hearing loss and risk factors was assessed using Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests.Results Seven subjects with hearing loss were identified. Five of these patients (5 out of 11) had received cisplatin and 2 patients (2 out of 11) had received carboplatin. There was no statistically significant difference between carboplatin- and cisplatin-associated hearing loss (P=0.361). Neither gender (P=0.452) nor age (P=0.212) was related to hearing loss. However, higher cumulative chemotherapy doses (cisplatin >600 mg/m² and carboplatin >1800 mg/m²) were associated with hearing loss (P=0.022 and P=0.004, respectively).Conclusion Patients who had higher cumulative doses of platinum-based chemotherapy are at risk for developing hearing loss.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/35
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.121-5
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 121-5
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/35/28
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/36
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Early initiation of breastfeeding at Dustira Hospital
Ayukarningsih, Yoke
Dwinanda, Arief
Background The infant mortality rate (IMR) in Indonesia is higher than that in other ASEAN countries. The highest rate of mortality occurs in the first 24 hours of life. Suboptimal breastfeeding initiation is a cause of high IMR. In an effort to decrease infant mortality, implementing early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) has been encouraged.Objective To assess the success rate and time needed for latching on in EIB implementation.Methods We reviewed medical records of vaginal deliveries at Dustira Hospital, Cimahi, West Java, from June–November 2011.Results From 305 vaginal deliveries, 174 infants received EIB, though only 159 medical records could be assessed. The results showed that 52 % did EIB with a 91.8% success rate (defined as good implementation by WHO) and a 8.2% fail rate. In terms of subjects’ birth weights, the success rate of EIB implementation was 62.5% in the low birth weight (LBW) group, 94.9% in the normal birth weight (NBW) group, and 100% in the large birth weight or macrosomic group. The success rate of EIB implementation was 69.2% in the preterm group and 93.8% in the full term group. The success rate of EIB implementation was 71.4% in the LBW/fullterm group and 55.6% in the LBW/preterm group. The amount of time for infants to latch on was highest within the 30–44 minute group (52.7%).Conclusion The EIB implementation at Dustira Hospital was classified as good and the amount of time to latch on was 30-44 minutes.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/36
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.126-30
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 126-30
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/36/15
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/37
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Predictors of mortality in newborns with esophageal atresia: a 6-year study in a single institution
Milano, Leecarlo
Agustriani, Nunik
Rochadi, Rochadi
Background Esophageal atresia, with or without fistula, is a congenital defect that causes high morbidity and mortality in newborns. Risk factors of mortality need to be identified to establish the best approach for treating this condition in order to decrease morbidity and mortality.Objective To identify factors associated with mortality in newborns with oesophageal atresia.Methods We reviewed all newborns with esophageal atresia using data from their medical records at Sardjito General Hospital from January 2007 to December 2012. Potential risk factors were analyzed using Chi-square test, with a level of significance of P<0.05.Results Of 31 newborns that met our criteria, only 5 survived, and all 5 had one-stage surgery (primary anastomosis with fistula ligation). Thrombocytopenia and sepsis increased the risk of death with OR 10.857 (95%CI 1.029 to 114.578) and OR 13.333 (95% CI 1.242 to 143.151), respectively. However, anemia had a protective effect against mortality with OR 0.688 (95%CI 0.494 to 0.957).Conclusion Thrombocytopenia and sepsis are the risk factors associated with mortality in newborns with esophageal atresia at our institution. Anemia has a protective effect against mortality.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/37
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.131-5
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 131-5
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/37/16
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/38
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Nutritional status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis-infected and uninfected children
Simarmata, Nelly
Sembiring, Tiangsa
Ali, Muhammad
Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a public health problem in developing countries. Their prevalence is particularly high in rural areas with people of low socioeconomic level. A single or mixed STH infection rarely causes death, but can affect nutritional status, growth, cognitive development and human health, especially in children.Objective To compare the nutritional status of STH-infected and uninfected children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2010 in children from 3 primary schools in the Simpang Empat and Kabanjahe Subdistricts, Karo District, North Sumatera Province. Fecal examinations were done by the Kato-Katz method to diagnose STH infections. Participants of this study consisted of 140 infected children and 141 uninfected children. Nutritional status classification was based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control growth charts. All categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results Of 140 infected children, 8.6% were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 17.1% with Trichuris trichiura and 74.3% with mixed infections (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). We found significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also found significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity.Conclusion We find significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also find significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity. Higher severity of infection is associated with lower nutritional status.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/38
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.136-41
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 136-41
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/38/17
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/39
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Prognostic factors for success in the Kangaroo Mother Care method for low birth weight babies
Pratiwi, Rina
Kosim, Muhammad Sholeh
Wijayahadi, Noor
Background Low birth weight (LBW) is closely related to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Management of LBW infants in developing countries remains limited, due to the low availability of incubators. The Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method has been shown to be effective for newborns, especially LBW infants, in which skin-to-skin contact may be conducive for infants’ weight gain, thermoregulation, and heart rate stability.Objective To determine the prognostic factors for KMC success in LBW babies.Methods This cohort study included LBW infants at Dr. Kariadi General Government Hospital, Semarang, by a consecutive sampling method. Success of KMC was assessed by infant weight gain, as well as stabilization of temperature, heart rate, and respiration. Prognostic factors for KMC success that we assessed were birth weight, gestational age, KMC duration, age at KMC onset and maternal education level. Statistical analyses used were Chi-square and relative risk (RR) tests.Results Of 40 LBW infants, 24 were successful in KMC. Birth weight ≥ 1500 grams (RR 0.4; 95%CI 0.23 to 0.73; P=0.001)], gestational age ≥ 34 weeks (RR 0.94; 95%CI 0.46 to 1.89; P=1.00), KMC duration ≥ 65 minutes (RR 1.44; 95%CI 0.76 to 2.75; P= 0.215), high maternal education level (RR 1.25; 95%CI 0.76 to 2.04; P=0.408), and age at KMC onset >10 days (RR 2.69; 95%CI 1.14 to 6.32; P=0.003), were factors that related to the successful of KMC.Conclusion Age at KMC onset > 10 days was a prognostic factor for KMC success in low birth weight babies.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/39
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.142-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 142-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/39/18
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/42
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Effect of methotrexate and doxorubicin cumulative doses on superoxide dismutase levels in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Ningsih, Khalida Fetriyani
Mulatsih, Sri
Nugroho, Sasmito
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the mostcommon malignancy in children. Chemotherapeutic drugs forALL such as methotrexate (Mtx) and doxorubicin producereactive oxygen species (ROS), a type of free radical. The ROScan reduce levels of antioxidants in the body, including superoxidedismutase (SOD). Decreased SOD levels can cause DNA, lipid,and protein damage, which in turn may lead to adverse effectsand treatment failure.Objective To determine the effect of Mtx and doxorubicincumulative doses on SOD levels in children with ALL.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in childrenwith ALL who underwent chemotherapy in Dr. Sardjito Hospitalin October 2011 who had completed the induction phase. Riskfactors for decreased SOD levels were analyzed by Cox regressionand hazard ratio, with a significant level of P <0.05.Results Of 40 patients enrolled, Mtx ≥ 3000 mg/m2 significantlydecreased SOD levels (HR 9.959; 95%CI 2.819 to 35.183; P=0.001). However, doxorubicin ≥90 mg/m2 did not significantlydecrease SOD levels (HR 0.59 95%CI 0.194 to 1.765; P=0.34).Conclusion Methotrexate is associated with decreased SOD levelsin children with ALL. However, doxorubicin is not associated withdecreased SOD levels in the same patient population.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/42
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.239-42
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 239-42
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/42/37
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/43
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Quality of life in children with cancer and their normal siblings
Hilda, Hilda
Lubis, Bidasari
Hakimi, Hakimi
Siregar, Olga Rasiyanti
Background Cancer treatment in children influences the quality of life of patients and their families. The Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) inventory is a questionnaire to assess quality of life of the healthy and ill children. Objective To compare quality of life in children with cancer and their normal siblings, and to compare quality of life in those with hematologic malignancies to those with solid tumors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5-to-18- year-olds at the Hematology-Oncology Division at Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, from May to July 2012. The case group (subjects with cancer) filled the PedsQL 3.0 and 4.0 questionnaires, while the control group (normal siblings) filled only the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire. Independent T-test was used to compare the quality of life between children with cancer and their normal siblings. Results There were 46 children in each group. The PedsQL 4.0 results in children with cancer and their normal siblings, and PedsQL 3.0 between hematology malignant and solid cancer were as follows: physical function 36.9 vs. 80.7, respectively (95%CI of differences -52.639 to -34.990; P= 0.0001), emotional function 40.4 vs. 69.3, respectively (95%CI of differences -35.912 to -21.914; P=0.0001), social function 71.5 vs. 93.9, respectively (95%CI of differences - 29.238 to -15.587; P=0.0001), school function 20.7 vs. 74.2, respectively (95%CI of differences - 62.124 to -44.832; P=0.0001), and total score 42.1 vs. 79.3, respectively (95%CI of differences - 43.066 to -31.344; P=0.0001). School function was the most affected parameter in children with cancer compared to their normal siblings. Conclusion There is a significant difference in quality of life between children with cancer and their normal siblings, for all four parameters examined by the PedsQL inventory. However, there are no significant differences in quality of life between children with hematologic malignancy and those with solid cancer.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/43
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.243-7
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 243-7
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/43/19
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/44
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Host factors related to pneumonia in children under 5 years of age
Hadisuwarno, Wiharjo
Setyoningrum, Retno Asih
Umiastuti, Pirlina
Background Pneumonia has been one of the serious problems for children under five in Indonesia. Imbalanced interactions among host factors, agents, and environments influence incidence of pneumonia. Objective To determine the risks of the host related to the incidence of pneumonia in children aged 3-59 months in Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital during 2011-2012. Methods This was a case control study on medical records of patients with respiratory infections in Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. We grouped patients with pneumonia as the case group and patients with other respiratory infections as the control group. The data were statistically processed to calculate odds ratios and P values. Results There were 326 subjects reviewed, 163 in the case group and 163 in the control group. Host factors that increased the risk of pneumonia were: low birth weight (OR=3.10; 95%CI 1.34 to 6.86), inadequate exclusive breastfeeding (OR=1.7; 95%CI 1.09 to 2.64), malnutrition (OR=3.44; 95%CI 2.12 to 5.58) and incomplete immunization in a certain period of age (OR=2.70; 95%CI 1.72 to 4.24). Existed comorbidity was unrelated to the incidence of pneumonia (OR=1.53; 95%CI 0.86 to 2.71). Conclusion Low birth weight, inadequate exclusive breastfeeding, malnutrition, and incomplete immunization in a certain period of age increase the risk of pneumonia.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/44
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.248-51
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 248-51
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/44/20
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/45
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Lead poisoning and cystatin-C in children
Yuri, Yuri
Najoan, Praisilia Riani
Gunawan, Stefanus
Umboh, Adrian
Background Lead pollution is a global problem both in developed and developing countries. Lead poisoning is associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). Serum cystatin-C is a more precise test of GFR than serum creatinine level, as serum cystatin-C levels rise earlier than serum creatinine, when GFR decreases. Objective To assess for a possible correlation between lead poisoning and cystatin-C levels in children. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in children aged 6-11 years with a history of lead poisoning from elementary schools in Talawaan District, North Minahasa Regency from July to October 2013. Cystatin-C and blood lead levels (BLL) were measured in all subjects. Spearman’s rho test was used to analyze a potential correlation between BLL and cystatin-C level. Results This study included 41 children, comprising 21 boys and 20 girls. Their median age was 8.50 (range 6.8-10.7) years. Elevated levels of cystatin-C did not exceed normal values, however, we found a positive correlation between BLL and cystatin C (r=0.419, P=0.006). Conclusion There is a positive correlation between BLL and cystatin C level in children with lead poisoning. Regular monitoring of BLL, medical intervention, and an epidemiological study to help find the sources of contamination are needed for children with lead poisoning.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/45
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.252-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 252-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/45/21
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/46
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension due to left-toright shunt after corrective procedure
Kuntartiwi, Dyahris
Yanuarso, Piprim Basarah
Sastroasmoro, Sudigdo
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication seen in those with a left-to-right shunt congenital heart defect (CHD). Corrective procedures by surgery or catheterization are the therapies of choice for reversible PAH. Since morbidity and mortality due to PAH after correction is high, sildenafil has been used as a selective vasodilator of the pulmonary artery, in order to decrease pulmonary arterial pressure. Objectives To evaluate the effect of sildenafil on pulmonary arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after left-to-right shunt CHD corrective procedures. Methods Left-to-right shunt patients aged < 18 years scheduled for corrective treatment were randomized in a double-blind fashion, to receive either oral sildenafil or placebo, given on days 3 to 30 after the corrective procedure. Clinical and pulmonary arterial pressures were evaluated by echocardiography before, 3 days after, and 30 days after the corrective procedure. Results From July 2013 to June 2014, 36 patients were included in the study: 17 in the placebo and 19 in the sildenafil groups. There were no differences in pulmonary arterial pressure or in clinical outcomes after corrective procedure between the two groups. There were no adverse events during the treatment. Conclusion Sildenafil has little effect on decreasing pulmonary arterial pressure, as most of our subjects seem to have hyperkinetic PAH. As such, pulmonary arterial pressure returns to normal soon after corrective procedures.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-09-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/46
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.257-62
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 257-62
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/46/22
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/47
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphisms in children with tuberculosis
Karmila, Ariesta
Nazir, Muhammad
Yangtjik, Kiagus
Yuwono, Yuwono
Background Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are strongly associated with tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility in countries with four seasons. As a country with sufficient sunlight for vitamin D production in skin, the incidence of TB in Indonesia remains high. Objective To assess for possible associations between the incidence of tuberculosis and serum vitamin D level, as well as VDR FokI polymorphisms in children. Methods A case-control study was conducted at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang from November 2011 to April 2012. Subjects were children with TB (the case) and children without TB who had been exposed to TB in the home (the control). Serum vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol] level was measured by immunodiagnostic system (IDS) 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit. The VDR FokI polymorphisms were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results Sixty subjects was divided equally into the case and control groups. The mean serum calcitriol level in the case group was significantly lower than that of the control group [105.5 (SD 66.9) pmol/L vs. 162.9 (SD 52.9) pmol/L, respectively; (P=0.001)]. We found 9 subjects with calcitriol deficiency, 8 in the TB group and 1 in the healthy contact group (OR 10.5; 95%CI 1.2 to 90.7) The VDR FokI polymorphism was seen in 28 subjects in the case group and 22 in the control group (OR 5.0; 95%CI 0.9 to 26.4). Conclusion Vitamin D (calcitriol) deficiency and lower serum levels are associated with higher risk of TB in children. The VDR gene FokI polymorphism also contributes to susceptibility for TB.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/47
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.263-7
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 263-7
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/47/38
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/48
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Procalcitonin as a diagnostic tool for bacterial neonatal sepsis
Nelly, Nely
Tjipta, Guslihan Dasa
Hakimi, Hakimi
Lubis, Bugis Mardina
Background Bacterial sepsis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can reduce the mortality rate. Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of bacterial sepsis, but it requires 3-5 days for results. Since the disease may progress rapidly in neonates, a faster diagnostic test is needed. Measurement of procalcitonin levels may be a quick method to diagnose bacterial sepsis in neonates. Some studies found the sensitivity of procalcitonin to be between 92-100%. Objective To assess the use of procalcitonin as an early diagnostic tool for bacterial neonatal sepsis. Methods This diagnostic study was conducted from October 2011 to February 2012. Forty-three neonates in the Perinatology Unit at H. Adam Malik Hospital were suspected to have bacterial sepsis. They underwent routine blood counts, blood cultures, as well as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin measurements. Subjects were collected by consecutive sampling. The gold standard of sepsis was based on any microorganism found in blood culture. Results Of 43 neonates, 36 neonates had bacterial sepsis. We found that procalcitonin sensitivity was 100%, specificity 85.71%, positive predictive value 97.29% and negative predictive value 100%. The ROC curve showed a cut-off point of 0.929 (95%CI 0.713 to 0.953). Conclusion Procalcitonin is useful as an early diagnostic tool for bacterial neonatal sepsis.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/48
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.268-72
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 268-72
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/48/23
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/49
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Serum prolactin for differentiating epileptic seizures in children
Mangunsong, Harry
Background Serum prolactin level has been used as a marker to differentiate epileptic from non-epileptic seizures in adults. Electroencephalogram (EEG) examination is the primary diagnostic tool used to assess seizures. However, EEGs are quite difficult to perform in children and have sensitivity of only 50%- 55%, with 96% specificity. Objective To assess the diagnostic potential of serum prolactin level as an alternative tool for children for differentiating between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. Methods This diagnostic study was performed between January 2013 and December 2013. Thirty patients aged 3 months to 15 years with seizures and without fever who visited the Emergency Department of Arifin Ahmad Hospital, Pekanbaru, Riau, were included. Blood specimens were collected within 2 hours after seizure. Subjects underwent serum prolactin measurements and EEG examinations. Results Fifteen subjects had normal EEGs and 15 subjects had abnormal EEGs. Post-ictal serum prolactin levels were significantly higher in the epileptiform EEG group. The mean serum prolactin levels were 23.78 (SD 21.86) ng/mL and 10.57 (SD 5.62)ng/mL in patients with epileptic and non-epileptic patients, respectively. Using a prolactin cut-off point of 17.2 ng/mL, serum prolactin had a 73.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity for differentiating between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. Conclusion Our findings suggest that serum prolactin level increases after an epileptic seizure, but not after a non-epileptic seizure. Post-ictal prolactin elevation within 2 hours may be useful in differentiating epileptic seizures from non-epileptic seizures.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/49
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.273-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 273-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/49/24
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/50
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Short term memory, physical fitness, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in obese adolescents
Rossanti, Rini
Gurnida, Dida Akhmad
Fadlyana, Eddy
Background Obesity in adolescents is a major health problem and has been associated with low academic achievement. Brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin, plays a role in appetite suppression and memory, and its secretion is enhanced by physical activity. This neurotrophin may be associated with academic achievement in obese. Objective To compare physical fitness and serum BDNF levels to short term memory levels in obese adolescents aged 10–14 years. Methods This comparative, cross-sectional, analytic study was carried out on 40 elementary and high school students in Bandung, West Java, who were recruited by stratified random sampling. Short term memory was assessed by a psychologist using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III Digit Span test (WISC-III Digit Span). Physical fitness was assessed by a clinical exercise physiologist using the Asian Committee on the Standardization of Physical Fitness Test (ACSPFT). Serum BDNF levels were measured by ELISA test in a certified laboratory. ANOVA test was used to assess for a correlation between serum BDNF concentration and short term memory, as well as between physical fitness level and short term memory. Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze for a correlation between serum BDNF and physical fitness levels. Results The majority of subjects were in the physical fitness categories of moderate or poor. Subjects had a mean BDNF level of 44,227.8 (SD 10,359) pg/mL. There was no statistically significant difference in physical fitness with either serum BDNF or with short term memory levels (P=0.139 and P=0.383, respectively). Also, no correlation was determined between serum BDNF and physical fitness levels (r=0.222; P=0.169). Conclusion In obese adolescents, short term memory levels are not significantly different between physical fitness levels nor between serum BDNF levels.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/50
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.277-81
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 277-81
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/50/25
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/51
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
The role of exclusive breastfeeding in prevention of childhood epilepsy
Kurniadi, Alexander
Herini, Elisabeth Siti
Damayanti, Wahyu
Background Epilepsy affects 1% of children worldwide. The highest incidence is in the first year of life, and perinatal factors, such as hypoxic-ischemic injury, infection, and cortical malformation may play etiologic roles. Breast milk contains optimal nutrients for human brain in early life. Breastfeeding has been associated with lower risk of infections, better cognitive and psychomotor development. However, the role of breastfeeding in preventing childhood epilepsy remains unclear. Objective To evaluate an association between exclusive breastfeeding and childhood epilepsy. Methods A case-control study conducted from 1 May to 3 July 2013 involving children with epilepsy aged 6 months to 18 years who were attending pediatric outpatient clinic of Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Neurologically normal children, individually matched by age and sex, visiting the same clinic were considered as controls. Exclusion criteria were children with structural brain abnormality, history of epilepsy in family, and who had history of neonatal seizure, intracranial infection, febrile seizure, and head trauma before onset of epilepsy. History of breastfeeding was obtained by interviewing the parents. The difference of exclusively breastfeeding proportion between cases and controls was analyzed by McNemar test. Results The total number of participants was 68 cases and controls each. Subjects with epilepsy had lower proportion of exclusively breastfed (48.5%) compared with controls (54.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.541). Exclusively breastfeeding showed no statistical significance in decreasing risk of epilepsy (OR=0.71; 95%CI 0.32 to 1.61). Conclusions Exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months has no effect against childhood epilepsy.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/51
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.282-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 282-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/51/26
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/52
2021-05-27T03:47:30Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Comparison of the quality of life in cerebral palsy children with physical therapy more and less than 10 months
Anggreany, Dewi
Saing, Johannes Harlan
Deliana, Melda
Dimyati, Yazid
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of severe physical disability in childhood. These limitations may cause lower level experience or quality of life (QoL). Physical therapy (PT) plays a central role in managing CP. Objective To compare QoL in CP children with PT more and less than 10 months and to compare gross motoric level before and after PT. Methods A cross sectional study was performed from June 2012 to March 2013 in Medan. Eligible population were four to twelve year old CP children who received PT. Subjects were divided into 2 group, group I was CP children with PT more than 10 months, group II was CP children with PT less than 10 months. Parents were asked to fill CP QOL questionnaires. To evaluate motor impairment level we used gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) that classified the motoric impairment into 5 levels. Data was analyzed by using independent T-test and MannWhitney U test with 95% confidence interval. Results There were 60 CP children divided into 2 groups of 30 children. The mean duration of PT in group I was 35.7 (SD 19.37) months and group II was 4.2 (SD 3.13) months. Gross motoric level in both group increased from GMFCS IV to GMFCS II in group I (P=0.0001) and from GMFCS IV to GMFCS III (P=0.002) in group II. The mean total CP QoL scores in group I and II were 79.63 (SD 5.73) and 47.71 (SD 6.85), respectively (P=0.0001). Conclusions Cerebral palsy children who received more than 10 months PT have higher QoL than children with less than 10 months PT. There was significant gross motor improvement after PT in both groups.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-10-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/52
10.14238/pi55.5.2015.287-92
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015; 287-92
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.5.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/52/27
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/54
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
The accuracy of a clinical parameters-based scoring system to predict spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in children under one year old
Alfan, Harris
Arifin, Rita Dewi
Bahar, Erial
Ansori, Syarif Darwin
Background Previous studies show that most children aged less than 1 year had intracranial hemorrhage without any history of trauma. The sign and symptoms of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (SIH) in children varies. To minimize morbidity and mortality, early detection and accurate diagnosis are required. Head CT scans area widely used for diagnosing SIH. Unfortunately, not all health facilities in Indonesia have CT scans.Objective To determine the accuracy of a clinical parameters-based scoring system in predicting spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (SIH) in children under one year old.Methods This diagnostic study included children aged under one year who were admitted to Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. Patients who showed any signs of increased intracranial pressure were recruited. Data were collected from medical records from January 2007 to September 2013. Through the use of logistic regression analysis, clinical parameters showing significant relationships with computerized tomography (CT)-scan confirmed SIH were selected as predictors. Each predictor was given a score based on an adjusted ratio. The cut-off point of the total scores from all patients was determined using a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. The accuracy of the total scores was calculated using a 2x2 validity test.Results Of the 186 children included in this study, 98 (52.7%) had SIH and 93 (94.8%) were under 3 month-old. The predictors for SIH used included age (>3 months: score 0; 1-3 months: score 3), gender (female: score 0; male: score 1), pallor (no: score 0; yes: score 1), bulging fontanel (no: score 0; yes: score 1), pupil (isocoria: score 0; anisocoria: score 2) and history of shaken baby (no: score 0; yes: score 3). The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 95.3% with a cut-off point of 4.5, had a sensitivity of 88.7% and a specificity of 93.1%Conclusion This scoring system based on clinical parameters had good accuracy for predicting SIH in children under 1 year of age who exhibited signs of increased intracranial pressure.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/54
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.147-52
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 147-52
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/54/34
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/55
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Immature-to-total neutrophil ratio as an early diagnostic tool of bacterial neonatal sepsis
Darnifayanti, Darnifayanti
Tjipta, Guslihan Dasa
Rusdidjas, Rusdidjas
Lubis, Bugis Mardina
Background Bacterial sepsis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for the condition can reduce mortality rates. Blood cultures are the gold standard to diagnose bacterial sepsis, but they require 3-5 days for results, whilst the disease may progress rapidly in neonates. Examination of immature-to-total neutrophil ratio (I/T ratio) in peripheral blood smears is a quicker and less expensive method to diagnose bacterial sepsis in neonates. Some studies found the sensitivity of I/T ratio to be 88%-90% in predicting bacterial spesis.Objective To assess the usefulness of the I/T ratio as an early diagnostic tool for neonatal bacterial sepsis.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2011. Subjects were collected by consecutive sampling. Fifty-three neonates suspected to have bacterial sepsis in the Perinatology Unit at H. Adam Malik Hospital were included. Subjects underwent routine blood examinations, C-reactive protein level measurements, blood cultures, and peripheral blood smears. All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS (version 16.0 for Windows).Results Of the 53 subjects, 26 had bacterial sepsis based on blood cultures. The I/T ratio had a sensitivity of 88.46%, specificity 81.84%, positive predictive value 82.14%, and negative predictive value 88%. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed a cut-off point of 83.3 (95%CI 71.3 to 95.3)%.Conclusion The I/T ratio may be a good alternative to blood cultures as an early indicator of bacterial neonatal sepsis, as it is faster, less expensive and has good sensitivity and specificity.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/55
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.153-7
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 153-7
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/55/35
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/56
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Social competence of 3 to 5-year-old children born with low birth weight
Komariah, Nurul
Background Low birth weight (LBW) has long been used as an indicator of public health. Low birth weight is not a proxy for any dimension of other maternal or perinatal health outcomes. Low birth weight infants require special care, and have more chronic conditions, learning delays, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders compared to infants of normal birth weight (NBW). Social competence is viewed as a primary component of healthy function and development and is an important predictor of academic and financial success.Objective To examine social competence of children aged 3-5 years born with low birth weight.Methods This cross-sectional study was undertaken in Palembang in 2012. Subjects consisted of children aged 3-5 years attended a preschool in the Seberang Ulu I District, Palembang, and were divided into two groups: low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW). Social competence was assessed by observation and Interaction Rating Scale (IRS) and Parenting Style questionnaire (PSQ). Chi-square analysis was used to compare social competence between the two groups. Multivariate regression logistic analysis was used to assess for the dominant factors that may affect a child’s social competence.Results Low birth weight children aged 3 to 5 years had a 1.435 times higher risk of low social competence compared to normal birth weight children of similar age. (RP 1.435; 95%CI 1.372 to 13.507; P=0.019). Multivariate regression logistic analysis revealed that parenting style was a dominant factor affecting social competence.Conclusion Social competence in 3 to 5-year-old children born with low birth weight is lower compared to those with normal birth weight.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/56
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.158-63
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 158-63
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/56/30
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/57
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Vitamin D levels in epileptic children on long-term anticonvulsant therapy
Pohan, Fathy
Hendarto, Aryono
Mangunatmadja, Irawan
Gunardi, Hartono
Background Long-term anticonvulsant therapy, especially with enzyme inducers, has been associated with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, there have been inconsistent results in studies on the effect of long-term, non-enzyme inducer anticonvulsant use on vitamin D levels.Objective To compare 25(OH)D levels in epileptic children on long-term anticonvulsant therapy and non-epileptic children. We also assessed for factors potentially associated with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in epileptic children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at two pediatric neurology outpatient clinics in Jakarta, from March to June 2013. Subjects in the case group were epileptic children, aged 6-11 years who had used valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, or oxcarbazepine, as a single or combination therapy, for at least 1 year. Control subjects were non-epileptic, had not consumed anticonvulsants, and were matched for age and gender to the case group. All subjects’ 25(OH)D levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay.Results There were 31 epileptic children and 31 non-epileptic control children. Their mean age was 9.1 (SD 1.8) years. Most subjects in the case group were treated with valproic acid (25/31), administered as a monotherapy (21/31). The mean duration of anticonvulsant consumption was 41.9 (SD 20) months. The mean 25(OH)D level of the epileptic group was 41.1 (SD 16) ng/mL, lower than the control group with a mean difference of 9.7 (95%CI 1.6 to 17.9) ng/mL. No vitamin D deficiency was found in this study. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in the epileptic group was higher than in the control group (12/31 vs. 4/31; P=0.020). No identified risk factors were associated with low 25(OH)D levels in epileptic children.Conclusion Vitamin D levels in epileptic children with long-term anticonvulsant therapy are lower than that of non-epileptic children, but none had vitamin D deficiency.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/57
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.164-70
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 164-70
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/57/31
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/58
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Reticulocyte hemoglobin content as a predictor of iron deficiency anemia
Suari, Ni Made Rini
Ariawati, Ketut
Adiputra, Nyoman
Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia in developing countries, such as Indonesia. Iron deficiency anemia in children is a serious problem because it affects their growth and development. Early detection of IDA and subsequent treatment in childhood may prevent future health problems.Objective To assess the use of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) to detect IDA in children aged 6-60 months.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study to measure the sensitivity and specificity of CHr compared to serum ferritin which is considered to be the gold standard for IDA diagnosis. The study was conducted from September 2011 to March 2013 in children aged 6-60 months who visited the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, Sanglah Hospital, and Puskesmas II in West Denpasar. Data analysis was performed by 2x2 table. The results were assessed by area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC).Results Of 121 children underwent blood testing during the study period, 69 children were excluded because they did not have hypochromic microcytic anemia, leaving 52 subjects eligible for the study. The prevalence of IDA in this study was 31%. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) ≤ 23.1 pg had 88% (95%CI 71 to 100%) sensitivity and 25% (95%CI 11 to 39%) specificity.Conclusion Reticulocyte hemoglobin content < 23.1 pg may be a good predictor of IDA.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/58
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.171-5
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 171-5
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/58/32
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/59
2021-05-27T03:48:14Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Management of Lowe syndrome: a case report
Prasetyo, Risky Vitria
Setiawan, Heru
Soemyarso, Ninik Asmaningsih
Noer, Mohammad Sjaifullah
Irwanto, Irwanto
Gunawan, Prastiya Indra
Loebis, Rozalina
Utomo, Sri Andreani
Tirthaningsih, Ni Wayan
Lowe syndrome (the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, OCRL) is a multisystem disorder characterized by anomalies affecting the eyes, nervous system and kidneys.1-3 The disorder was first recognized by Lowe et al. in 1952, and described as a unique syndrome with organic aciduria, decreased renal ammonia production, hydrophthalmos, and mental retardation. In 1954, renal Fanconi syndrome was recognized as being associated with Lowe syndrome and in 1965, a recessive X-linked pattern of inheritance was determined.2,4 Lowe syndrome is a very rare disease, with an estimated prevalence in the general population of 1 in 500,000. According to the Lowe Syndrome Association (LSA) in the USA, the estimated prevalence is between 1 and 10 affected males in 1,000,000 people, with 190 living in the year 2000. The Italian Association of Lowe Syndrome estimated that there were 34 Lowe syndrome patients (33 boys and one girl) living in Italy in the year 2005.2,4,5 It almost exclusively affects males.6 Physicians may not be familiar with Lowe syndrome due to its rarity.4
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-06-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/59
10.14238/pi55.3.2015.176-84
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 3 (2015): May 2015; 176-84
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.3.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/59/33
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/60
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
PELOD score, serum procalcitonin, and lactate levels in pediatric sepsis
Ismy, Jufitriani
Lubis, Munar
Mutiara, Erna
Yani, Gema Nazri
Trisnawati, Yunnie
Background Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among critically ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Procalcitonin and lactate have been used as biomarkers of sepsis, as they have been correlated with disease severity, organ failure and death. The Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score is a tool to assess the severity of organ dysfunction in critically ill children. Objective To investigate the correlation between PELOD score and procalcitonin and lactate levels in pediatric sepsis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with sepsis who were admitted to the PICU from April to July 2012. Sepsis was defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), as a result of suspected or proven infection. Proven infection was defined as positive culture findings (blood, urine or other specimens) and/or serum procalcitonin >=2 ng/mL. Spearman’s test was used to assess for correlations between PELOD scores and procalcitonin as well as lactate levels. Results Thirty-two patients were analyzed, consisting of 18 males and 14 females with an age range of 1-432 months (median 21 months). There was no statistically significant correlation between procalcitonin level and PELOD score (r=- 0.186, 95%CI -0.502 to 0.174, P=0.308) nor between lactate level(r=-0.069, 95%CI -0.408 to 0.287, P=0.709) and PELOD score. Conclusion Serum procalcitonin and lactate levels are not correlated with PELOD scores in children with sepsis.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/60
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.293-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 293-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/60/39
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/61
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Electroencephalogram abnormalities in full term infants with history of severe asphyxia
Halim, Susanti
Suwarba, I Gusti Nyoman Made
Kardana, I Made
Background An electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electroimaging tool used to determine developmental and electrical problems in the brain. A history of severe asphyxia is a risk factor for these brain problems in infants. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of abnormal EEGs in full term neonates and to assess for an association with severe asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and spontaneous delivery. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Outpatient Department of Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, from November 2013 to January 2014. Subjects were fullterm infants aged 1 month who were delivered and/or hospitalized at Sanglah Hospital. All subjects underwent EEG. The EEGs were interpreted by a pediatric neurology consultant, twice, with a week interval between readings. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Association between abnormal ECG and severe asphyxia were analyzed by Chi-square and multivariable logistic analyses. Results Of 55 subjects, 27 had a history of severe asphyxia and 28 were vigorous babies. Forty percent (22/55) of subjects had abnormal EEG findings, 19/22 of these subjects having history of severe asphyxia, 15/22 had history of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and 20/22 were delievered vaginally. There were strong correlations between the prevalence of abnormal EEG and history of severe asphyxia, HIE, and spontaneous delivery. Conclusion Prevalence of abnormal EEG among full-term neonates referred to neurology/growth development clinic is around 40%, with most of them having a history of severe asphyxia. Abnormal EEG is significantly associated to severe asphyxia, HIE, and spontaneous delivery.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/61
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.297-301
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 297-301
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/61/40
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/62
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia: a qualitative and quantitative study
Yohmi, Elizabeth
Marzuki, Nanis Sacharina
Nainggolan, Eveline
Partiwi, I Gusti Ayu Nyoman
Sjarif, Badriul Hegar
Oswari, Hanifah
Background Breast milk is the best and most ideal food for babies because it contains all nutrition needed for their optimal growth and development. Babies who receive breast milk will have strong immune system, good brain development, and closer emotional bonding with their mothers. Considering the importance of breast milk, Indonesian government has been campaigning to endorse exclusive breastfeeding up to six months in the last four years. To date, there is no national data available to evaluate the exclusive breastfeeding program. Therefore, Indonesian Pediatric Society (IDAI) conducted a national survey on breastfeeding to investigate exclusive breastfeeding rate in Indonesia.
Objective To find out the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia.
Methods This study included 22 provinces in Indonesia and targeted on mothers with infants aged 0-11 months. For the quantitative portion of the study we used simple random sampling design to get the prevalence from the population. For the qualitative interview data we used a stratified random sampling design to ensure that each infant age group was well represented. Survey location in each province was selected based on defining the capital city to be urban area and its sub-urban areas to be rural. This study was performed between October – November 2010.
Results We found that the prevalences of breastfeeding among baby 0-11 months was quite high which were 91%, 86%, and 72% in infants aged 0-3 months, 0-6 months, and 6-11 months, respectively. Interestingly, the prevalence of breastfeeding in urban area was higher than in rural area for infants aged 6-11 months. However, despite the high prevalence of giving breast milk, less than half of mothers gave breast milk exclusively, to babies aged 0-3 months and to those aged 0-6 months. The awareness to exclusively breastfeed was greater for urban mothers than for rural ones in those with infants aged 0-6 months. Mothers with high socioeconomic status had the highest prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. The prevalence of breastfeeding without formula was still the highest up to 12 months but the role of giving formula was increasing especially in rural area. The prevalence of breast milk introduced as the first milk was around 60%. Java and Sumatra had lower prevalence of breast milk introduced as the first milk compared to Kalimantan and Sulawesi. We also found that mothers started giving solid food from an early age, especially in rural areas. With increasing age, the frequency of giving breast milk declined in both urban and rural areas.
Conclusion The overall prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age in Indonesia was 49.8%. Maternal unemployment and high family socioeconomic status were associated with longer duration of breastfeeding.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/62
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.302-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 302-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/62/41
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/63
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Superoxide dismutase levels and peak expiratory flow in asthmatic children
Kurniasih, Arie
Julia, Madarina
Setyati, Amalia
Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory process which involve variety of cells such as inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokines. The inflammatory process would be exacerbated in the presence of oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first important enzyme to protect the respiratory tract against oxidative stress. The decreased of SOD has a correlation with increased of airway obstruction and bronchospasm. Objective To assess for a correlation between superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and peak expiratory flow, as well as to determine the impact of SOD levels for predicting asthma attacks. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, between February and April 2011 involving asthmatic children aged 5-18 years. Subjects’ serum SOD levels and peak expiratory flow were measured at the same time point. We then performed a prospective study following up on the same subjects to find out if they had a recurrent asthma attack within one month of the tests. We also reassessed their peak expiratory flow one month after blood specimens were obtained. Results Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. There was no significant correlation between SOD level and peak expiratory flow [r=0.289; 95%CI -0.025 to 0.47; P=0.074]. However, older age was significantly associated with higher peak expiratory flow (ô€‚=0.5; 95%CI 3.10 to 11.57; P=0.01). Lower levels of SOD increased the risk of asthma attacks in a month following the initial measurements (RR=5.5; 95%CI 1.6 to 18.9; P=0.009). Conclusion Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level is not significantly associated with peak expiratory flow. However, we find a relationship between older age and higher peak expiratory flow and a relationship between lower SOD levels and risk of asthma attacks within one month following the tests.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/63
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.309-14
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 309-14
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/63/42
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/64
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Hematological scoring system as an early diagnostic tool for neonatal sepsis
Meirina, Fathia
Lubis, Bidasari
Sembiring, Tiangsa
Rosdiana, Nelly
Siregar, Olga
Background Sepsis was the leading cause of death in babies by 30%-50% in developing countries. Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is still a difficult problem because of clinical features are not specific. Blood culture is the gold standard, but it takes several days and is expensive. The hematological scoring system (HSS) consists of hematologic parameters (leucocyte count, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, degenerative changes, and platelet count) for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Objective To measure HSS as an early diagnostic tool for neonatal sepsis. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in March to June 2013. Samples were collected by consecutive sampling. Fourty neonates suspected sepsis in neonatology unit H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, underwent routine blood count, blood culture, and peripheral blood smear. Each hematologic parameters were analysed using the HSS of Rodwell et al. The hematologic parameters were total leucocyte count, total PMN cells, total PMN immature, I:T PMN ratio, I:M PMN ratio, degenerative changes, and platelet count. The total value revealed HSS score. Diagnostic study parameters were calculated. Results Ten of fourty neonates had sepsis based on blood culture results. The HSS score >=4 had sensitivity 80%, specificity 90%, with positive predictive value (PPV) 73%, negative predictive value (NPV) 93%, ROC curve showed cut off point 0.902 (95% CI 0.803 to 1.0). Conclusion Score HSS >=4 could be used as an early diagnostic tool for neonatal sepsis.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/64
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.315-21
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 315-21
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/64/43
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/65
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Plasma digoxin levels and ejection fraction in pediatric heart failure
Nafrialdi, Nafrialdi
Martina, Sake Juli
Djer, Mulyadi
Louisa, Melva
Background Digoxin has long been prescribed in children with heart failure, but its efficacy has not been evaluated. A previous study at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital revealed that plasma digoxin levels, following a maintenance dose of 15 μg/kg/d, were sub-therapeutic. Regarding its narrow margin of safety, the trend is to use digoxin in even lower dose. Thus, the drug’s impact on cardiac performance need to be evaluated. Objective To evaluate whether a lower maintenance dose of digoxin (10 μg/kg/d) is sufficient to achieve a therapeutic level and to assess for possible correlations between plasma digoxin level and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as well as fractional shortening (LVFS). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 pediatric heart failure patients at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, from January to May 2012. Plasma digoxin levels were measured by ELISA method after one month or more of treatment; LVEF and LVFS were measured by echocardiography. Correlations between plasma digoxin level and LVEF or LVFS were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation test. The LVEF before and after digoxin treatment were compared by paired T-test. Results Thirteen out of 20 patients had plasma digoxin levels within therapeutic range (0.5-1.5 ng/mL; 95%CI 0.599 to 0.898) and 7 had sub-therapeutic levels (<0.5 ng/ mL; 95%CI 0.252 to 0.417). No significant correlations were observed between plasma digoxin level and LVEF (r=-0.085; P=0.722) or LVFS (r=-0.105; P=0.659). There was a significant increase in LVEF before [42.18 (SD 14.15)%] and after digoxin treatment [57.52 (SD 11.09)%], (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Most patients in this study have plasma digoxin levels within therapeutic range. There are no significant correlations between plasma digoxin level at the time point of measurement and LVEF or LVFS. However, an increase of LVEF is observed in every individual patients following digoxin treatment.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/65
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.322-7
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 322-7
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/65/44
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/66
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Risk factors for hearing loss in neonates
Maharani, Ni Luh Putu
Haksari, Ekawaty Lutfia
Artana, I Wayan Dharma
Background An estimated 6 of 1,000 children with live births suffer from permanent hearing loss at birth or the neonatal period. At least 90% of cases occur in developing countries. Hearing loss should be diagnosed as early as possible so that intervention can be done before the age of 6 months. Objective To determine risk factors for hearing loss in neonates. Methods We performed a case-control study involving 100 neonates with and without hearing loss who were born at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar from November 2012 to February 2013. Subjects were consisted of 2 groups, those with hearing loss (case group of 50 subjects) and without hearing loss (control group of 50 subjects). The groups were matched for gender and birth weight. We assessed the following risk factors for hearing loss: severe neonatal asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, history of aminoglycoside therapy, and mechanical ventilation by Chi-square analysis. The results were presented as odds ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results Seventy percent of neonates with hearing loss had history of aminoglycoside therapy. Multivariable analysis revealed that aminoglycoside therapy of 14 days or more was a significant risk factor for hearing loss (OR 2.7; 95%CI 1.1 to 6.8; P=0.040). There were no statistically significant associations between hearing loss and severe asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, or mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Aminoglycoside therapy for >=14 days was identified as a risk factor for hearing loss in neonates.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/66
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.328-32
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 328-32
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/66/45
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/67
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Blood pressure and lipid profiles in adolescents with hypertensive parents
Fitriany, Julia
Ramayati, Rafita
Supriatmo, Supriatmo
Rusdidjas, Rusdidjas
Rina, Oke
Siregar, Rosmayanti
Background Adolescent hypertension is a significant health problem of increasing prevalence and causes high morbidity and mortality. It is found primarily in young males, with a familial history of hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease. Examination of lipid profiles has been used to detect the risk of hypertension in adolescents. Objective To compare blood pressure and lipid profiles in adolescents with and without a parental history of hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2012 on students from a senior high school in the Toba Samosir District, North Sumatera. Sixty-eight adolescents were included, aged 15 to 18 years. Group I comprised 34 adolescents with hypertensive parents, and group II comprised 34 adolescents with normotensive parents. Subjects were selected based on questionnaires. Subjects’ blood pressures were measured at rest. Three measurements were made in intervals of 10-15 minutes, then averaged for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Lipid profiles were measured using the CardioCheck cholesterol test after subjects had fasted for 12 hours. Results The median systolic blood pressures (SBP) in groups I and II were 110 mmHg (range 93.3-123.3) and 106.7 mmHg (range 96.7-123.3), respectively, (P=0.584). The median diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were 73.3 mmHg (range 66.7-83.3) and 71.7 mmHg (range 63.3-80.0), respectively, (P=0.953). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in group I were significantly higher than those levels in group II [median total cholesterol: 162.0 (range 158-170) vs. 159.0 (range 150-170), respectively; (P=0.001); and mean LDL-C: 103.5 (SD 3.72) vs. 99.1 (SD 4.63), respectively; (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed a correlation of moderate strength between parental history of hypertension and increased LDL-C (P<0.001) in adolescents. Conclusion Adolescents with and without familial history of hypertension have no significant median blood pressure differences. However, adolescents with hypertensive parents have This study was presented at Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan V (PIT V/The 5th Child Health Annual Scientific Meeting) Bandung, October 15–17, 2012. From the Department of Child Health, University of Sumatera Utara Medical School/H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Reprint requests to: Dr. Julia Fitriany, Department of Child Health, University of North Sumatera Medical School/H. Adam Malik Hospital, Jl. Bunga Lau No.17, Medan 20136. Tel +6261 8361721 – +6261 8365663. Fax. +6261 8361721. E-mail: julia_fitriany@yahoo.com. Adolescent hypertension is an important health problem of increasing prevalence that affects morbidity and mortality.1 The prevalence of hypertension in adolescents has increased due to several factors such as obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, stress, sleep disorders and increased intake of high-calorie foods, sodium, alcohol, and caffeine.2 In the pediatric population, essential hypertension, also known as primary hypertension, mostly afsignificantly higher median total cholesterol and mean LDL-C. Furthermore, we find a correlation between parental history of hypertension and increased LDL-C in adolescents.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/67
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.333-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 333-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/67/46
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/68
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Immunization competence retention in medical students: a comparation between conventional lectures and lectures with simulations method
Gunadi, Hartono
Sekartini, Rini
Werdhani, Retno Asti
Findyartini, Ardi
Kurnia, Muhammad Arvianda Kevin
Background Immunization is recognized as one of the strategies to reduce vaccine preventable diseases. Competency related to immunization are consequently important for medical students and the medical school needs to assure the competence acquisition. Objective To assess competence related to immunization and its retention following lectures with simulations compared to lectures only. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted to the 5th year students of University of Indonesia Medical School during the Child Adolescent Health Module in 2012-2013. The intervention group had lectures with simulations and the control group had lectures only. Immunization knowledge was assessed with a 30 multiple choice question (MCA) items performed before and after the module. Competence retention was assessed by MCQ (knowledge) and OSCE (skills) 2-6 months afterwards. Results Sixty eight subjects for each group with similar characteristics were analyzed. There was significant difference after module MCQ score between two groups. Competence retention in 2-6 months after module completion was better in intervention group, both for the knowledge (median MCQ score of 70.00 (range 37-93) vs. mean score of 58.01 (SD 12.22), respectively; P<0.001) and skill (OSCE mean scores of 75.21 (SD 10.74) vs. 62.62 (SD 11.89), respectively; P < 0.001). Proportion of subjects in the intervention group who passed both the MCQ and OSCE were also significantly greater. Conclusion Lectures with simulations are proved to be more effective in improving medical students’ immunization competence as well as its retention compared to lectures only approach.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/68
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.339-44
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 339-44
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/68/47
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/69
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Paternal and maternal age at pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders in offspring
Budi, Luh Putu Rihayani
Sitaresmi, Mei Neni
Windiani, I Gusti Ayu Trisna
Background The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has increased 10 times over the past half century, while paternal and maternal age at pregnancy has also increased. Studies looking for an association between paternal or maternal age at pregnancy and ASDs in offspring have not been conclusive. Objective To assess for possible associations between paternal and maternal age at pregnancy and ASDs in offspring. Methods This case-control study had 50 case and 100 control subjects, each case was matched for age and gender to two controls. Case subjects were obtained by consecutive sampling of patients aged 18 months to 7 years who visited the Developmental Behavioral & Community Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic and private growth and development centers from January to April 2013, while control group were children of the same age range and same gender who visited pediatric outpatient clinic at Sanglah Hospital mostly due to acute respiratory tract infection, without ASDs as assessed by the DSM-IV-TR criteria. We interviewed parents to collect the following data: maternal and paternal age at pregnancy, child’s birth weight, history of asphyxia, hospital admission during the neonatal period, pathological labor, maternal smoking during pregnancy, paternal smoking, and gestational age. Data analysis was performed with Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results Multivariable analysis showed that higher paternal age at pregnancy was associated with ASDs in offspring (OR 6.3; 95%CI 2.0 to 19.3; P 0.001). However, there was no significant association between maternal age during pregnancy and the incidence of ASDs. Asphyxia and paternal smoking were also associated with higher incidence of ASDs in the offspring (OR 10.3; 95%CI 1.9 to 56.5; P 0.007 and OR 3.2; 95%CI 1.5 to 6.9; P 0.003, respectively). Conclusion Paternal age >=40 years increased the risk of ASDs in offspring by 6.3 times. In addition, paternal smoking increased the risk of ASDs in offspring by 3.2 times and asphyxia increased the risk of ASDs in offspring by 10.3 times.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/69
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.345-51
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 345-51
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/69/48
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/70
2021-05-27T03:47:07Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Blood pH and urinary uric acid-creatinine ratio in newborns with asphyxia
Palit, Sally
Wilar, Rocky
Runtunuwu, Ari
Lolombulan, Julius
Background Asphyxia is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Prematurity (28%), sepsis (26%), and asphyxia (23%) are the most common causes of death in newborns. In Indonesia, the newborn mortality incidence is 82 per 1,000 live births. Blood pH is a routine laboratory examination to diagnose newborn asphyxia, but it is preferrable to avoid such invasive procedures in newborns. An examination of urinary uric acid-creatinine (UA/ Cr) ratio may be useful as an alternative method for diagnosis of asphyxia. Hypoxia causes anaerobic metabolism which will increase the blood acidity, while creatinine will decline as a result of incomplete renal function in newborns. Objective To assess for a possible correlation between blood pH and urinary UA/Cr ratio in newborn asphyxia. MethodsWe conducted an observational, cross-sectional study in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, from November 2013 to April 2014. Subjects were full term newborns with asphyxia. Blood pH and urinary UA/Cr ratio were compared with Pearson’s correlation test. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 22 software and P values <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results Forty subjects met the inclusion criteria. Their predominant risk factor for asphyxia was fetal distress. Subjects’ mean blood pH was 7.1 (SD 0.1) and mean urinary UA/Cr ratio was 3.7 (SD 1.9). There was a moderate negative correlation between blood pH and urinary UA/Cr ratio (r= -0.55; P<0.001). Conclusion In newborns with asphyxia, lower blood pH is correlated with higher urinary UA/Cr ratio.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-11-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/70
10.14238/pi55.6.2015.352-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015; 352-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.6.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/70/49
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/71
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ALE
Number of siblings and allergic rhinitis in children
Sastra, Soewira
Irsa, Lily
Loebis, Muhammad Sjabaroeddin
Evalina, Rita
Background Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Recent studies have suggested that having fewer siblings was associated with allergic rhinitis and atopic diseases in children. Previous studies also indicated that older siblings was associated with higher incidence of allergic rhinitis.Objectives To assess for a possible association between number of siblings and allergic rhinitis and to assess for an effect of birth order on allergic rhinitis in children.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study among school children aged 7 to 15 years, in the West Medan District from July to August 2011. Children with moderate or high risk of allergy were included. Subjects were divided into two groups, those with <3 siblings or ≥3 siblings. Children with acute respiratory tract infections, septal deviation, choanal atresia, nasal polyps, nasal tumors, or nasal foreign body were excluded. Risk of allergy was determined using the Indonesian Pediatrics Allergy Immunology Working Group trace card scoring system. Identification of allergic rhinitis and evaluation of its severity were done by use of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core questionnaire. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed based on history, physical examination, and anterior rhinoscopy.Results A total of 78 subjects were enrolled. Allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in children with <3 siblings than those with ≥3 siblings (OR 10.33; 95%CI 3.569 to 29.916). Furthermore, allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in first-born children than in their younger siblings (P=0.0001).Conclusion Larger number of siblings and non-first-born children are associated with lower incidence of allergic rhinitis in children.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/71
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.1-7
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 1-7
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/71/55
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/72
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:CAR
Prostaglandin E2 and patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants
Mochammading, Mochammading
Kaban, Risma Kerina
Yanuarso, Piprim Basarah
Djer, Mulyadi
Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease most commonly occurring in premature infants. Spontaneous ductus arteriosus (DA) closure in premature infants has been suggested to be associated with duct lumen maturity and the DA sensitivity to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).Objective To assess for a possible correlation between serum PGE2 levels and PDA size in premature infants.Methods This observational study using repeated measurements on premature infants with PDA detected at days 2-3 of life was undertaken in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, from April to May 2014. The PDA was diagnosed using 2-D echocardiography and PGE2 levels were measured by immunoassay. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate a possible correlation between PGE2 level and DA diameter.Results Thirty-three premature infants of median gestational age 31 (range 28-32) weeks and median birth weight 1,360 (range 1,000-1,500) grams were enrolled. Almost two-thirds of the subjects were male. Almost all (30/33) subjects had spontaneous DA closure before the age of 10 days. Subjects’ mean DA diameter was 2.9 (SD 0.5) mm with maximum flow velocity of 0.2 (SD 0.06) cm/sec, and left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA/Ao) of 1.5 (SD 0.2). Their mean PGE2 levels at the ages of 2-3, 5-7, and after 10 days were 5,238.6 (SD 1,225.2), 4,178.2 (SD 1,534.5), and 915.2 (SD 151.6) pg/mL, respectively. The PGE2 level at days 2-3 was significantly correlated with DA diameter (r = 0.667; P < 0.001), but not at days 5-7 (r = 0.292; P = 0.105) or at day 10 (r = 0.041; P = 0.941).Conclusion There is a strong, positive correlation between the PGE2 level and DA diameter in preterm infants at 2-3 days of age. However, there is no significant correlation between PGE2 level and persistence of PDA.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/72
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.8-14
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 8-14
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/72/51
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/73
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:NEO
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in early-onset neonatal sepsis
Rukmono, Prambudi
Dharmasetiawani, Nani
Warsono, Warsono
Wirasti, Yan
Darwin, Eryati
Background Neonatal sepsis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. Early-onset neonatal sepsis occurs in infants under the age of 72 hours, while late-onset neonatal sepsis occurs in infants over the age of 72 hours and may be due to nosocomial infection. Diagnosing neonatal sepsis is a challenge, as its clinical symptoms are not clear. Corroborating tests include routine blood, C-reactive protein (CRP), serology, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) examinations.Objective To compare the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in patients with proven and unproven early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS)Methods This case-control study was done in the Perinatology Unit, Abdul Moeloek Hospital, Lampung. Subjects were under the age of 72 hours with risk factors and clinical symptoms of sepsis. They underwent routine blood tests and blood cultures. Infants with positive cultures were considered to have proven sepsis (26 subjects) and infants with negative blood cultures were considered to have unproven sepsis (26 subjects). All subjects underwent serological examinations of TNF-α and IL-6.Results There were no differences in the basic characteristics of subjects between the two groups. Levels of TNF-α in the sepsis group were significantly higher than in the unproven group [(28.30 vs. 10.96 pg/mL, respectively (P=0.001)]. Furthermore, Il-6 was significantly higher in the proven sepsis group than in the unproven sepsis group [(28.3 vs. 9.69 pg/mL, respectively) (P=0.006)].Conclusion Levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 are significantly higher in infants with proven than unproven early-onset neonatal sepsis.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/73
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.15-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 15-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/73/52
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/74
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:EMG
Continuous sedation vs. daily sedation interruption in mechanically-ventilated children
Azis, Henri
Triratna, Silvia
Bahar, Erial
Background A daily sedation interruption (DSI) protocol in ventilated patientsis an effective method of improving sedation management that decreases the duration of mechanical ventilation. In adult patients, it is a safe and effective approach, as well as common practice. For ventilated children,its effectiveness and feasibilityare unknown.Objective To compare continuous sedation and DSI in mechanically-ventilated children with respect todurationof mechanical ventilation, the time needed for patients to awaken, and the frequency of adverse events.Method This randomized, controlled, open-label trial, was performed in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Forty children on mechanical ventilation were included. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either continuous sedation or DSI. The duration of mechanical ventilation was the primary outcome, while the time for patients to awaken on sedative infusion and the frequency of adverse events were secondary outcomes.Results Forty patients were randomized into the continuous sedation protocol (18 subjects) or into the DSI protocol (22 subjects). The median (interquartile range) duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the DSI compared to the continuous sedation group [41.50 (30-96) hours vs. 61 (30-132) hours, respectively; (P=0.033)]. The time for patients to awaken was also significantly lower in the DSI than in the continuous sedation group [median (interquartile range): 28 (24-78) vs. 45.5 (25-12) hours, respectively; (P=0.003)]. The frequencies of adverse events were similar in both groups. The severity of illness contributed to outcome variables.Conclusion The duration of mechanical ventilation and the time for patients to awaken are significantly reduced in the DSI group compared to the continuous sedation group.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/74
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.19-23
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 19-23
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/74/53
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/75
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Exclusive breastfeeding rate and factors associated with infant feeding practices in Indonesia
Ananta, Yovita
Gandaputra, Ellen
Waiman, Elina
Partiwi, I Gusti Ayu Nyoman
Marzuki, Nanis Sacharina
Yohmi, Elizabeth
Panjaitan, Eveline
Oswari, Hanifah
Hegar, Badriul
Background Breast milk is the ideal food for infants. According to the 2007 Indonesian National Household Health Survey, only 23% of mothers exclusively breastfeed for six months.Objectives To determine the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia, to evaluate factors associated with infant feeding practices, and to compare the nutritional and developmental status between exclusively-breastfed and formula-fed infants.Methods A survey was conducted in hospitals located in 17 provinces in Indonesia. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was calculated. Many variables were investigated as potential predictors for exclusive breastfeeding using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Further analysis was performed to compare the nutritional and developmental status between exclusively breastfed and formula-fed infants at the time of survey.Results From 1,804 infant subjects, the overall rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 46.3%, ranging from 10.5% in East Java to 66.9% in Jambi. Predominant breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and formula feeding rates were 14.3%, 8.6%, and 30.7%, respectively. Maternal unemployment was associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding (P=0.000). There were significantly more formula-fed infants who were undernourished compared to exclusively-breastfed infants (14% vs. 8%, P=0.001). There were also significantly more infants in the formula-fed group who had abnormal head circumference compared to those in the exclusively-breastfed group (9% vs. 6%, P=0.031). Child development, as assessed by the Pre-screening Developmental Questionnaire, was similar between the two groups (P=0.996).Conclusion The overall rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is 46.3%. Maternal unemployment is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfed infants have significant better growth and head circumference compared to formula fed infants, while the development is similar between the two groups.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/75
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.24-31
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 24-31
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/75/54
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/76
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:NUT
Association of resistin level with acanthosis nigricans in obese adolescents
Noviarti, Dini
Rini, Eka Agustia
Oenzil, Fadil
Background Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance. Clinically, insulin resistance may be manifested as acanthosis nigricans. Resistin has a biological activity that is important in glucose and lipid metabolisms and closely related to the incidence of insulin resistance.Objective To find out the association of resistin level with scale of acanthosis nigricans in adolescents obesity.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 53 obese adolescents with acanthosis nigricans in senior high schools in Padang, West Sumatera. Degree of acanthosis nigricans was assessed using scale of Burke and then plasma resistin level was performed with ELISA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc test.Result The mean of resistin level in obese adolescents was 14.21 (SD 7.43) ng/dL. High resistin level was found in scale of acanthosis nigricans 2,3 and 4 (P=0.0001). Obese adolescents with severe degree of acanthosis nigricans has higher resistin level compared to milder acanthosis nigricans.Conclusion In obese adolescents, the higher degree of acanthosis nigricans, the higher level of plasma resistin.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/76
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.32-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 32-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/76/56
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/77
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:GAS
Lactobacillus probiotics for treating functional dyspepsia in children
Ahyani, Tuty
Supriatmo, Supriatmo
Deliana, Melda
Yudiyanto, Ade Rachmat
Sinuhaji, Atan Baas
Background Functional dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal disorder in school-aged children, though, there is no reliable treatment. Probiotics are live microorganisms administered in adequate amounts to confer beneficial health effects on the host. Although definitive evidence is lacking, several studies have found probiotics to be effective for relieving symptoms of dyspepsia, particularly abdominal pain and bloating.Objective To determine the efficacy of lactobacillus probiotics for treating functional dyspepsia in children.Method A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was done from April to June 2012 in five schools in the Pakpak Bharat Regency, North Sumatera. A total of 116 children who fulfilled the Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia were randomized into 2 groups to receive either lactobacillus probiotics or placebo for 2 weeks. All patients received a diary to record symptoms and frequency of pain daily. The primary outcome for treatment was defined to be no pain at the end of the intervention.Results The probiotics and placebo groups were not significantly different in recovery from functional dyspepsia (29.3% vs. 13.8%, respectively; P=0.432). However, compared to the placebo group, the probiotics group had significantly reduced frequency of pain (P=0.0001), but no significant differences in pain severity (P=0.08) or pain duration (P 0.091).Conclusion There are no significant differences in recovery from functional dyspepsia, pain severity, or pain duration between the probiotics and placebo groups. However, the probiotics group has significantly reduced frequency of pain compared to that of the placebo group.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/77
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.37-42
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 37-42
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/77/57
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/78
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:EMG
Pediatric index of mortality 2 scores in pediatric intensive care unit patients
Sampurna, Monica
Suparyatha, Ida Bagus
Widiana, I Gede Raka
Background Comprehensive care for critically ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is done with the aim of achieving good outcomes. Severe disease in children is characterized by disruption of homeostatic processes, and can be evaluated by mortality scoring methods. There are several mortality scoring methods which can be used to predict mortality in children, the pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) and pediatric index of mortality (PIM) are the most preferably used among all. The pediatric index of mortality 2(PIM2) is a key mortality prediction model for children receiving treatment in intensive care units, but its use has not been well validated in Indonesia.Objective To evaluate the performance of PIM2 model in PICU patients.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on PICU patients at Sanglah Hospital from November 2012 to April 2013. Patients underwent PIM2 scoring during their admission. The predictive ability of PIM2 scoring for patient mortality was analyzed using ROC curve.Results A total of 54 patients were included in this study, of whom 8 (14.8%) died. Discrimination between survival and death was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and found to be 0.81 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.03). Sensitivity was 75 (95%CI 36 to 96)% and specificity was 98 (95%CI 87 to 99)%. The PIM2 cut off value was ≥ -0.99.Conclusion The PIM 2 model has a good discriminatory power and calibration for predicting the mortality of children admitted to PICU and therefore is recommended for routine use in clinical practice. [
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/78
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.43-7
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 43-7
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/78/61
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/79
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:END
Prognostic factors at birth for stunting at 24 months of age in rural Indonesia
Prawirohartono, Endy
Nurdiati, Detty
Hakimi, Mohammad
Background The problems of stunting are its high prevalence as well as the complexity of its risk factors. Identifying the modifiable prognostic factors at birth may reduce the shortterm as well as longterm effects of stunting in later life.Objective To estimate the influence of prognostic factors detected at birth for stunting at 24 months of age and the occurence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age among children in a rural area of Indonesia.Methods Subjects (n=343) were born to mothers participating in a randomized controlled, double-blind, community-based study of vitamin A and/or zinc supplementation during pregnancy and followed from June 1998 to October 2000. The children were followed prospectively from birth until 2 years of age with monthly measurements of length from birth to 12 months, and again at 18 and 24 months. Data on potential prognostic factors detected at birth, i.e., maternal, child, and household facilities, were collected by trained field workers at home visits. The incidence and risk ratio were calculated to assess the influence of the possible prognostic factors detected at birth on stunting at 24 months of age among these children.Results Boys who were born prematurely had significantly higher risk of stunting at 24 months of age compared to girls born maturely. The incidences of stunting at 24 months of age according to gender, and gestational age were 33.9% boys vs. 22.5% girls (RR 1.80; 95%CI 1.06 to 3.09), and 33.3% premature vs. 27.6% mature (RR 7.11; 95%CI 2.07 to 24.48), respectively.Conclusion Boys who were born prematurely have significantly higher risk to become stunted at 24 months of age. The occurrence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age is low.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/79
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.48-56
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 48-56
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/79/58
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/80
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:RES
Serum interleukin-6 and mean platelet volume in pediatric pneumonia
Lilisari, Melisa
Nataprawira, Heda Melinda
Gurnida, Dida Akhmad
Background In pneumonia, interleukin (IL)-6 is released in response to inflammation. Interleukin-6 stimulates megakaryocyte maturation, leading to larger platelets being released into the circulation. Platelet size is measured as mean platelet volume (MPV). The MPV may also be affected by nutritional status and smoking.Objective To assess for a possible relationship between serum IL-6 concentration and MPV, including smoking and nutritional status as confounding factors, in children with pneumonia.Methods An analytic, observational study with cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling of children aged 2 to 59 months with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and two network hospitals. All patients underwent routine complete blood counts including MPV and measurement of serum IL-6 concentration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Regression linear analysis was used to assess the relationship between MPV and IL-6, passive smoking, and nutritional status.Results There were 67 patients enrolled in the study. Subjects’ mean serum IL-6 concentration was 49.3 (SD 78.3) pg/mL, and mean MPV was 9.2 (SD 0.9) fL. The regression model for MPV was 7.531 + 0.662 (passive smoking) + 0.276 (weight per age) + 0.009 (IL-6).Conclusion There was a relationship between IL-6 serum concentration and MPV in children with pneumonia.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/80
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.57-61
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 57-61
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/80/59
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/81
2021-05-27T03:28:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Clinical and molecular analysis of Noonan syndrome in Indonesia: a case report
Mutmainah, Iffa
Nillesen, Willy
Mundhofir, Farmaditya
Winarni, Tri
van der Burgt, Ineke
Yntema, Helger
Faradz, Sultana
Noonan syndrome (NS; OMIM#163950) is a relatively common autosomal dominant disorder with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1:1,000 to 1:2,500. The syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial features, congenital heart defects (CHD), and short stature. Distinctive facial features consist of a broad and high forehead, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, a high arched palate, low set and posteriorly rotated ears with a thick helix, and a short neck with excess nuchal skin and low posterior hairline. Additional relatively frequent features include chest deformities, cryptorchidism in males, mild intellectual disability, and bleeding diathesis.1,2In 2001, missense mutations in
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-05-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/81
10.14238/pi56.1.2016.62-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016; 62-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.1.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/81/60
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/82
2019-01-31T05:42:43Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Procalcitonin for detecting community-acquired bacterial pneumonia
Gusmaiyanto, Devi
Yani, Finny Fitry
Efrida, Efrida
Machmud, Rizanda
Background Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity andmortality in children under five years of age. Pneumonia can be ofbacterial or viral origin. It is difficult to distinguish between thesetwo agents based on clinical manifestations, as well as radiologicaland laboratory examinations. Furthermore, bacterial cultures taketime to incubate and positive results may only be found in 10-30%of bacterial pneumonia cases. Procalcitonin has been used as amarker to distinguish etiologies, as bacterial infections tend toincrease serum procalcitonin levels.Objective To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positivepredictive value and negative predictive value of procalcitoninin community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.Method This cross-sectional study was conducted in thePediatric Health Department of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang.Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. Procalcitoninmeasurements and PCR screening were performed on bloodspecimens from 32 pneumonia patients and compared.Results Of the 32 subjects, most were boys (56.25%), under 5years of age (99%), and had poor nutritional status (68.75%).Using a cut-off point of 0.25 ng/mL, procalcitonin level hada sensitivity of 92%, specificity 50%, positive predictive value 88%, and negative predictive value 60% for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia. Using a cut-off point of 0.5 ng/mL, procalcitonin level had a specificity of 46%, specificity 83%, positive predictive value 91%, and negative predictive value 25%.Conclusion A cut-off point of 0.25 ng/mL of procalcitonin level may be more useful to screen for bacterial pneumonia than a cutoff point of 0.5 ng / mL. However, if the 0.25 ng/mL cut-off point is used, careful monitoring will be required for negative results, as up to 40% may actually have bacterial pneumonia. [PaediatrIndones. 2015;55:65-9.].
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/82
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.65-69
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 65-69
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/82/62
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/87
2019-01-31T06:17:10Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Hemoglobin profiles of siblings of thalassemia patients
Riza, Muhammad
Widiretnani, Septin
Background Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies are themost common inherited disorders in many areas of the world,including South East Asia. The siblings of thalassemia major is agroup of high risk to carry the gene of thalassemia. Determiningthe carrier is useful for early treatment planning and preventionto the next child.Objective To determine carrier status among siblings ofthalassemia patients using a capillary electrophoresis system.Methods A cross-sectional study on the siblings of thalassemiamajor patients was performed from January 2011 to February2012 at Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Complete blood counts wereperformed in the siblings. Subjects with mean corpuscular volume(MCV) <80 fl and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) <27pg were subjected to analize hemoglobin fraction by capillaryelectrophoresis.Results Of the 26 subjects, there were 12 males and 14 females.The mean age was 9.38 (SD 6.8) years (range 1 to 29 years). Fromthe siblings, 10 were identified as normal, 5 were identified as ßthalassemia carriers and 5 were hemoglobin E (HbE) carriers. Sixsiblings were diagnosed with ß thalassemia/ HbE.Conclusion There are high occurrence of the two common typesof thalassemia carriers (ß and HbE) in our small group of subjectswho had a family history of thalassemia. Most of the siblingsof thalassemia had low MCV and MCH.Â
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/87
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.70-3
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 70-3
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/87/63
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/88
2019-01-31T06:21:15Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Efficacy of synbiotic treatment in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea
Dewi, Made Ratna
Soenarto, Yati
Karyana, I Putu Gede
Background Diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidityand mortality in children throughout the world, mostly due torotavirus infection. In daily practice, we routinely use the WorldHealth Organization Five steps for managing acute diarrhea.Thispractice has shown great success in diarrhea management, butconcerns remain on reducing the duration of diarrhea to preventcomplications. Synbiotics can reduce the severity of diarrhea.However, there has been limited data on synbiotic therapy fortreating acute rotavirus diarrhea in children.Objective To compare the durations of acute rotavirus diarrheatreated with synbiotics vs. placebo.Methods This study was a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial,performed at the Pediatric Gastrohepatology Division, Sanglahand Wangaya Hospitals in Denpasar. Subjects were children aged6 to 59 months with acute rotavirus diarrhea. Rotavirus wasdiagnosed by immune chromatography assay. The synbiotic groupreceived probiotic comprised of Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp.,Bifidobacterium sp. (total viable count 1.00x109 CFU per dose), andprebiotic consisted of 990.00 mg fructooligosacharide (FOS). Theplacebo consisted of lactose monohydrate packaged similarly as thesynbiotics. Subjects orally ingested 1 pack per day for 5 days.Results Seventy children with acute rotavirus diarrhea wasinvolved in this study. The median duration of diarrhea in thesynbiotic group was 50.0 (SE 1.1); 95%CI 47.9 to 52.1 hours, whilethat of the placebo group was 63.0 (SE 5.9); 95%CI 51.4 to 74.6hours. Based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the duration ofdiarrhea in the synbiotic group was significantly shorter than thatof the placebo group (log-rank test P <0.0001).Conclusion In children with acute rotaviral diarrhea, synbioticreduces the duration of diarrhea compared to placebo.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/88
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.74-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 74-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/88/64
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/89
2019-02-04T04:05:00Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Bacterial pneumonia score to identify bacterial pneumonia
Imilda, Ied
Yani, Finny Fitry
Hariyanto, Didik
Basir, Darfioes
Background Pneumonia is caused by either bacterial or viraletiologies, with similar symptoms in children. The bacterialpneumonia score (BPS) is a clinical assessment comprised ofseveral investigations: age, assessment of axillary temperature,absolute neutrophil count, band neutrophil percentage, andinterpretation of radiological examination. The score will use todifferentiate the etiology of pneumonia.Objective To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positivepredictive value, and negative predictive value of BPS inidentifying bacterial pneumonia in children.Methods This diagnostic study was performed at Dr. M. DjamilHospital, Padang, West Sumatera where subjects were selected byconsecutive sampling. Fifty-seven patients were diagnosed withpneumonia. Three patients suffered from ventricular septal defects,8 patients refused to provide blood specimens and 3 patients’chest X-rays could not be interpreted, hence, 43 subjects wereincluded in the study. Chest X-rays were interpreted by a pediatricpulmonology consultant. Leukocyte and differential counts wereperformed by a clinical pathology consultant. Subjects’ BPS scoreswere compared to multiplex PCR examinations of blood specimens,as the gold standard.Result Of 43 subjects, 27 (62.79%) were male. Subjects’ mean age was 29.3 (SD 21.5) months. Twenty (46.51%) subjects had good nutritional status, 4 (9.31%) subjects had axillary temperature ≥39°C, and 22 (51.16%) subjects had absolute neutrophil counts ≥8.000/mm3. Bacterial pneumonia score (BPS) had 69% sensitivity, 60% specificity, 42% positive predictive value, and 81% negative predictive value.Conclusion In this study, BPS has low sensitivity and specificityfor identifying bacterial pneumonia.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/89
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.79-82
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 79-82
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/89/65
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/90
2019-02-04T04:09:46Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Relationship between serum cystatin-C and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in septic children
Mandei, Jose
Iskandar, Elisa
Umboh, Adrian
Lestari, Hesti
Background Sepsis may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI)in patients treated in pediatric intensive care units (PICU).Currently, serum creatinine is used as a biomarker for thediagnosis of AKI. However, it is not a sensitive nor specifictest for AKI. The scarcity of biomarkers leads to delays in thediagnosis and treatment of AKI. Serum cystatin-C (sCys-C)and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL)are potential biomarkers that look promising for early diagnosisof AKI.Objective To identify the relation of cystatin-C and NGAL inchildren with sepsis.Methods Serum cystatin-C and uNGAL were measured onseptic patients aged one month to 12 years. The diagnosesof sepsis were based on the 2002 International Pediatric SepsisConcensus. Patients were admitted to the Pediatric IntensiveDepartment of the Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manadofrom January to June 2013. The exclusion criteria werepatients with trauma, burns, severe dehydration, malnutrition,obesity, and history of renal diseases. Data analyses includeddescriptions for the characteristic data and Pearson’s coefficientcorrelation. A P value of 0.05 was considered to be statisticallysignificant. Data were analyzed with SPSS software for Windowsversion 21.Results Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom23 were male and 15 were female. Their mean age was 22.6 (SD32.24) months, with overweight in 2 children, good nutrition in25 children, and under nutrition in 11 children. An increasedlevel of sCys-C was found in 22 children and an increased levelof uNGAL was found in 19 children. Serum cystatin-C wassignificantly correlated to uNGAL in septic patients (r=0.614;P<0.01).Conclusion There is a positively correlated relationship betweensCys C and uNGAL in septic children. Increased sCys C is associated with increased uNGAL in septic children.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/90
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.83-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 83-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/90/66
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/91
2019-01-31T06:33:11Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Quantitative NS1 antigen and the severity of dengue virus infections
Purnami, Ni Made Adi
Juffrie, Mohammad
Utama, Made Gde Dwi Lingga
Background Dengue infection is one of the main cause ofmorbidity and mortality in children in Indonesia. Since it is knownthat earlier treatment and supportive therapies can decreased casefatality rate from dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), identificationof children who have risks to develop to DHF must be quicklyidentified, mainly in areas of endemic.Objective To find a correlation between increased quantitativesecreted nonstructural protein-1 (sNS1) with clinical course ofsevere dengue infections.Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on childrenwith dengue infections in Tropical Infections Division of ChildHealth Department, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Detection ofthe dengue antigen was made by examining sNS1 quantitativeimmuno-assay. Analysis correlation of Spearman test was used tolook the relationship between increased quantitative sNS1 withclinical course of severe dengue infections.Results There was a positive relationship between quantitativesNS1 and clinical course of severe dengue infections with a valueof r = 0.903, P=0.001. Increased sNS1 level had a positivecorrelation with more severe dengue infections.Conclusions Quantitative sNS1 titer has a strong positivecorrelation with clinical course of severe dengue infections.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/91
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.87-90
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 87-90
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/91/67
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/92
2019-02-04T04:17:15Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Ferric sodium edetate therapy in children with iron deficiency anemia
Moningkey, Christie
Mantik, Max F.J.
Pateda, Vivekenanda
Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is frequentlyfound in school-aged children. The main treatments for IDAare overcoming the causal factors and iron supplementation.Noncompliance in taking iron tablets and the possibility of ironabsorbtion or transport difficulties, can reduce efficacy of daily oraliron supplementation. Because excess iron storage in the intestinalcells can lead to mucosal blockage, twice weekly oral iron therapymay be considered instead of daily dosage.Objective To compare the effects of daily vs. twice weekly ferricsodium edetate (NaFeEDTA) on hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit(Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscularhemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobinconcentration (MCHC) levels on children with IDA.MethodsWe conducted an open-label, randomized, prospectivestudy in 36 children with IDA aged 5-11 years. Subjects weredivided into two groups. For a one-month period, group I receiveddaily iron therapy (NaFeEDTA) and group II received twiceweekly iron therapy. Examinations of Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHCwere performed before and after iron therapy.Results There were no significant differences in Hb, Ht, MCV,MCH or MCHC levels after therapy between the daily and twiceweekly NaFeEDTA groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion Twice weekly NaFeEDTA therapy is as effective asdaily NaFeEDTA administration in children with IDA.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/92
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.91-4
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 91-4
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/92/68
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/93
2019-01-31T06:41:27Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Soluble transferrin receptor as an indicator of iron deficiency and febrile seizures
Salma, Salma
Arifin, Rita
Bahar, Erial
Purnamasari, Rini
Background Iron deficiency (ID) has a high incidence inIndonesia, and is a risk factor for febrile seizures. The most suitableassay to detect iron deficiency in the presence of inflammationhas not yet been defined. An indicator of ID unaffected byinflammation is needed, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) maybe such an indicator.Objective To evaluate ID as a risk factor for febrile seizures inchildren with inflammation by sTfR measurements.Method We conducted an age-matched, case-control study,focused on children experiencing on acute illnesses at the time.Subjects were 80 children matched by age (40 in the case groupwith febrile seizures, and 40 in the control group who were febrilewithout seizures) aged 3 months to 5 years in Mohammad HoesinHospital, Palembang from February to August 2013. Subjects’clinical data and sTfR levels were recorded. Risk factors wereanalyzed with odd ratios and 95% confident intervals. ThesTfR level cut-off point as a predictor of febrile seizures was alsodefined. Other risk factors were analyzed with multivariate logisticregression test.Results Mean sTfR levels were 41.36 (SD 2.04) nmol/L in thecase group and 33.09 (SD 1.02) nmol/L in the control group.Multivariate analysis revealed ID and iron deficient anemia(IDA), as measured by sTfR levels, to be risk factors for febrileseizures (adjusted OR=3.9; 95%CI 1.41 to 10.8; P=0.007 andOR 3.27; 95%CI 1.21 to 8.84; P=0.017, respectively). The sTfRlevel cut-off point that could be used as a predictor of febrileseizures was 37nmol/L.Conclusion Iron deficiency as measured by increased sTfR isa risk factor for febrile seizures in children.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/93
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.95-100
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 95-100
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/93/69
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/94
2019-01-31T06:52:11Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Efficacy of sputum induction from lower respiratory tract in children
Jasin, Madeleine Ramdhani
Setyanto, Darmawan Budi
Hadinegoro, Sri Rezeki
Lisnawati, Lisnawati
Gayatri, Pramita
Kurniati, Nia
Background Although sputum is a good specimen for variousexaminations, such as cytology and microbiological culture,sputum induction (SI) is not a routine procedure in children.Objective To identify the efficacy of SI to obtain specimen fromlower respiratory tract in children, identify side effects of SI, andthe results of microbiological examination.Methods A cross sectional study was performed in children (aged1 month to 18 years) who underwent SI. Sputum induction wasperformed by inhalation with hypertonic solution, consisted ofsalbutamol for 15 minutes continued with NaCl 3% solutionfor another 15 minutes. Sputum specimens were examined fornumber of alveolar macrophage cell, surfactant protein A (SP-A)concentration, also acid-fast bacili smear, and M. tuberculosisculture, or aerobic microbial culture.Results Forty subjects with lower respiratory tract infectionparticipated in this study, and SI was succesfully performed inall subjects. Youngest subject was 2 month old, the eldest was 16year 7 month old. Median duration of SI was 45 minutes, andmajority of volume was 3 or 4 mL. Side effects were nosebleeds(40%) and vomiting (2.5%). Macrophage alveolar more than 5cells in one specimen was found in 97.5% subjects. Surfactantprotein A examination was performed in 30 specimens, and SP-Awas detected in all specimens (median concentration 264.528 pg/mL). Culture for M. tuberculosis was positive in 1 of 27 subjects,while acid fast bacili smear was negative in all examined subjects.Aerobic microbial culture was positive in 5 of 13 subjects.Conclusions Sputum induction has good efficacy in obtaininglower respiratory tract specimen and it is safe to perform inchildren. Specimen from sputum induction yields good positiveresult for aerobic microbial cultures.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/94
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.101-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 101-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/94/70
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/95
2019-01-31T06:57:46Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Does malnutrition influence outcome in children undergoing congenital heart surgery in a developing country?
Marwali, Eva M.
Darmaputri, Sekarpramita
Somasetia, Dadang H.
Sastroasmoro, Sudigdo
Haas, Nikolaus A.
Portman, Michael A.
Background Most children undergoing cardiac surgery forcongenital heart disease (CHD) in developing countries aremalnourished. Malnutrition is known as a co-morbidity factorthat might predict and influence outcomes after surgery.Objectives To evaluate the effect of malnutrition and otherassociated risk factors on post-operative outcomes in childrenwith CHDs underwent cardiac surgery.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a singlecenter tertiary pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU)in Indonesia. Our cohort included all children between 5 and36 months of age undergoing congenital heart surgery withcardiopulmonary bypass from November 2011 until February2014. Outcomes measured were the length of intubation and thelength of ICU stay. Variables for potential influence investigatedwere the nutritional status, age, gender, type of cardiac anomaly(acyanotic vs. cyanotic), Aristotle score, cardiopulmonary bypasstime, aortic cross-clamp time, and Pediatric Risk of Mortality(PRISM) III score.Results Out of 249 patients included, 147 (59%) showedmalnourishment on admission. Malnourished patients weresignificantly younger in age, presented with an acyanotic heartdefects, and had higher PRISM III score. Additionally, they alsohad a longer mechanical ventilation time and ICU stay thanthose with a normal nutritional status. After adjusting for variousvariables using a multiple logistic regression model it could bedemonstrated that a higher Z-score for weight to age was asignificant protective factor for the intubation time of more than29 hours with an odds ratio of 0.66 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.92, P =0.012). Non-malnourished patients had a 49% significantly higherchance for extubation with a hazard ratio of 1.49 (95% CI 1.12to 1.99, P= 0.007).Conclusion Malnourishment is clearly associated in a linearfashion with longer mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. As one ofsignificant and potentially treatable co-morbidity factors, preventionof malnourishment by early diagnosis and optimal timing for surgeryis important.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/95
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.109-16
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 109-16
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/95/71
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/96
2019-01-31T07:01:58Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Relationship between childhood blood pressure and birth weight
Rahayu, Sri
Rusdidjas, Rusdidjas
Ramayati, Rafita
Ramayani, Oke Rina
Siregar, Rosmayanti
cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Some studies havereported a significant relationship between elevated blood pressurein children with low birth weight.Objective To assess blood pressure differences in primary schoolstudents who had low and normal birth weights.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 170children aged 6 to 12 years in March 2011 at a Medan primaryschool, North Sumatera. Blood pressure was measured with astandard mercury sphygmomanometer. A parental questionnairewas used to collect information on birth weight. Data wereanalyzed by student’s T-test for numerical data and Spearman’scorrelation test for a relationship between blood pressure andbirth weight.Results The subjects consisted of 85 children with low birth weightand 85 children with normal birth weight. The mean systolic (SBP)and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were significantly higherin children with low birth weight than those with normal birthweight [SBP: 106.7 vs. 99.8 mmHg, respectively, (P=0.0001); andDBP: 69.2 vs. 63.5 mmHg, respectively, (P=0.0001)]. There wererelationships between elevated SBP and DBP and low birth weight,as indicated by correlation coefficient [r=-0.365 and r=-0.425,respectively, (P=0.0001)].Conclusion Blood pressure is significantly higher in children withlow birth weight than in those with normal birth weight. Birthweight was inversely related both to systolic and diastolic bloodpressure.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-04-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/96
10.14238/pi55.2.2015.117-20
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015; 117-20
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.2.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/96/72
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/97
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Correlation between lipid profile and C-reactive protein in children with nephrotic syndrome
Astuti, Kurnia Dwi
Muryawan, Mohammad Heru
Mellyana, Omega
Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) causes dyslipidemia in children, which can be long term or intermittent. Dyslipidemia has long been established as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. An early sign of atherosclerosis is elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protien (hsCRP). Atherosclerosis early in life, especially in childhood, warrants an assessment for NS. Study on a correlation between lipid profile and hsCRP, as a marker of atherosclerosis, in pediatric NS patients has been limited. Objective To assess for a correlation between lipid profile and hsCRP in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Methods This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 29 children with NS in Dr. Kariadi Hospital. Serum hsCRP, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were examined in the active phase. Spearman’s test was used to analyze a possible correlation between total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and hsCRP levels. Results Mean levels of total cholesterol (454 mg/dL) and LDL (288 mg/dL) in this study were high, while the HDL level (55 mg/dL) was normal, according to US Department of Health and Human Services classifications. The median hsCRP level was 0.33 mg/L and 9 (31%) subjects had high hsCRP levels of more than 1 mg/L. There was a positive correlation between LDL level and hsCRP (r=0.423; P<0.05). Conclusions There is a weak positive correlation between LDL and hsCRP levels in children with NS.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/97
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.1-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 1-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/97/73
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/98
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination status in TB-exposed children
Harahap, Fadilah
Daulay, Ridwan M.
Ali, Muhammad
Dalimunthe, Wisman
Daulay, Rini Savitri
Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly prevalent in Indonesia. The source of transmission of TB to a child is usually via an adult with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis infection. The BCG vaccine has been used for the prevention of TB, but its efficacy is still debated. Objective To assess for an association between Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination in children who had contact with adult pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess for differences in Mantoux test induration with regards to nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and time duration since BCG vaccination in BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2011 on infants and children (aged 3 months to five years), who had household contact with adult pulmonary TB. We performed tuberculin (Mantoux) skin tests to detect TB infection in the children. Subjects were consisted of two groups: BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated. Results Subjects were 100 children (50 BCG-vaccinated and 50 BCG-unvaccinated subjects). Positive Mantoux test results were observed in 9 vaccinated subjects and 33 unvaccinated subjects. The mean diameters of induration in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were 7.6 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively (95%CI of difference -4.25 to 0.20; P=0.074). In children who had household contact with sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination was a protective factor against TB infection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.113 (95%CI 0.045 to 0.286; P=0.0001). There were no significant differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and duration since BCG vaccination, between the two groups. Conclusion BCG vaccination has a protective effect on TBexposed children, based on Mantoux test results. However, there are no differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, or duration since BCG vaccination, between the BCG-vaccinated and BCGunvaccinated groups.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/98
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.7-12
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 7-12
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/98/74
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/99
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Effect of phototherapy with alumunium foil reflectors on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Dachlan, Tony Ijong
Yuniati, Tetty
Sukadi, Abdurachman
Background Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is one of the most common problems in neonates, but it can be treated with blue light phototherapy. Developing countries with limited medical equipment and funds have difficulty providing effective phototherapy to treat NH, leading to increased risk of bilirubin encephalopathy. Phototherapy with white reflecting curtains can decrease the duration of phototherapy needed to reduce bilirubin levels. Objective To compare the duration of phototherapy needed in neonates with NH who underwent phototherapy with and without aluminum foil reflectors. Methods This open clinical trial was conducted from July to August 2013 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were term neonates with uncomplicated NH presenting in their first week of life. Subjects were randomized into two groups, those who received phototherapy with or without aluminum foil reflectors. Serum bilirubin is taken at 12th, 24th, 48th hours, then every 24 hours if needed until phototherapy can be stopped according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. The outcome measured was the duration of phototherapy using survival analysis. The difference between the two groups was tested by Gehan method. Results Seventy newborns who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and had similar characteristics were randomized into two groups. The duration of phototherapy needed was significantly less in the group with aluminum foil reflectors than in the group without reflectors [72 vs. 96 hours, respectively, (P<0.01)]. Conclusion The required duration of phototherapy with aluminum foil reflectors is significantly less than that of phototherapy without reflectors, in neonates with NH.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/99
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.18-22
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 18-22
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/99/75
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/100
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Early allergy symptoms in infants aged 0-6 months on breast milk substitutes
Safri, Mulya
Putra, Aulia Rahman
Background Atopic diseases are common in children and a serious health problem worldwide. Atopic dermatitis, food allergies, asthma and allergic rhinitis, have been described as the natural progression of allergic diseases, also known as the “allergic marchâ€. Cow’s milk protein is known to be a common trigger of food allergies and hypersensitivity reactions during infancy. Objective To give an overview of the breast milk substitutes (BMS) and incidence of early allergy onset (allergic march) in atopic infants aged 0-6 months. Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 40 atopic infants collected by consecutive sampling. A questionnaire was used for interview that inquired information on the type of BMS used, initial allergy complaints, the age of the emergence of early allergic symptoms, and the breakdown for BMS type. Univariate analysis was carried out to describe their characteristics as frequency distributions and percentages of each variables. Results Atopic dermatitis and wheezing were more common in boys (62.5%). Atopic dermatitis was the most common initial symptom to occur in atopic infants (52.5%). Atopic dermatitis and wheezing occurred together in 27.5% subjects. Early allergy symptoms that first occurred at the age of 1 month were seen in 42.9% for atopic dermatitis category, 37.5% for wheezing category, and 63.6% for both symptoms category, respectively. Cow’s milk was the most common type of BMS given to atopic infants in the first 6 months of life (47.5%). Conclusion Early symptoms of allergies, such as atopic dermatitis and wheezing, are more common in boys than girls. Atopic dermatitis is the most common early symptom to arise, but both symptoms occur at an early age, often during the first month of life.Â
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/100
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.13-7
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 13-7
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/100/76
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/101
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Linear growth patterns in small for gestational age and preterm infants after zinc supplementation
Setiawan, Caecilia Nancy
Sarosa, Gatot Irawan
Setiawati, Mexitalia
Background Low birth weight (LBW) infants are at risk for growth disturbances due to intrauterine zinc deficiency. Zinc supplementation is expected to improve the linear growth of LBW babies. Objective To assess the effect of zinc supplementation on linear growth in preterm and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Methods This quasi-experimental study had a pre- and post-test design. Subjects were LBW infants hospitalized in Kariadi Hospital during March-December 2011, consisted of SGA and preterm neonates. All subjects were given 5 mg of zinc syrup daily for 3 months. Subjects’ head circumference, weight, and length were measured monthly. Serum zinc levels were measured before and after supplementation. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test, independent T-test, and general linear model repeated measure. Results A total of 61 subjects were enrolled consisted of 31 preterm and 30 SGA neonates. Mean serum zinc levels in the preterm group were 168.2 (SD 54.5) μg/dL pre-supplementation and 163.6 (SD 50.7) μg/dL post-supplementation (P=0.049), while mean serum zinc levels in the SGA group were 174.8 (SD 46.6) μg/dL pre-supplementation and 167.4 (SD 49.4) μg/dL post-supplementation (P=0.271). Median percentage preterm weight and length increased from 87.3 to 102.4% in the third month (P<0.001) and from 95.8 to 103.9% in the third month (P<0.001), respectively. Median percentage SGA weight and length increased from 73.5 to 98.3% in the third month (P<0.001) and from 94.5 to 102.2% in the third month (P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion Both, the preterm and SGA infants exhibit catch-up growth after three months of zinc supplementation. [
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/101
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.23-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 23-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/101/77
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/102
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Association between passive smoking and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children with household TB contact
Zuliartha, Novaily
Daulay, Ridwan M.
Deliana, Melda
Dalimunthe, Wisman
Daulay, Rini Savitri
Background Tuberculosis (TB) and cigarette consumption are relatively high in Indonesia. Passive smoking may increase the risk of infection and disease in adults and children exposed to TB. An association between passive smoking and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children has not been well documented. Objective To assess for an association between passive smoking and M. tuberculosis infection in children who had household contact with a TB patient. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in February and March 2011. Children aged 5 to 18 years who had household contact with a TB patient underwent tuberculin testing for M. tuberculosis infection. Subjects were divided into two groups: those exposed to passive smoke and those not exposed to passive smoke. Chi-square test was used to assess for an association between passive smoking and M. tuberculosis infection. Results There were 140 children enrolled in this study, with 70 exposed to passive smoke and 70 not exposed to passive smoke. Prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection was significantly higher in the passive smoking group than in those not exposed to passive smoke [81.4% and 52.9%, respectively, (P= 0.0001)]. In the passive smoking group there were significant associations between nutritional state, paternal and maternal education, and M. tuberculosis infection. But no associations were found between M. tuberculosis infection and familial income or BCG vaccination. Conclusion Among children who had household contact with a TB patient, they who exposed to passive smoke are more likely to have M. tuberculosis infection compared to they who not exposed to passive smoke.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/102
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.29-34
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 29-34
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/102/78
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/103
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Risk factors for obesity in 6 to 12-year-old children
Japutra, Andy
Fadlyana, Eddy
Alam, Anggraini
Background The causes of obesity in children are multifactorial, including genetics, physiology, metabolism, psychology, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and culture. Objective To assess for relationships between obesity in 6 to 12-year-old children and maternal nutritional status, maternal education, eating breakfast, eating fast food, physical activity, TV watching, and playing video games. Methods This case-control study included students of Sejahtera Public School aged 6 to 12 years. Questionnaires were distributed to their parents for data on maternal education, eating breakfast, eating fast food, physical activity, TV watching and playing video games. Maternal nutritional status was assessed by one of the researchers. Univariate analysis with Chi–square test was used to assess every risk factor. Those with a P value of <0.25 were subjected to multivariate analysis, performed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results From June to July 2013, 60 obese children and 60 wellnourished children, as a control group, were enrolled in the study. Obese mothers tended to have obese children [odds ratio/OR 252.48; 95%CI 33.4 to 1908.4]. Children who ate fast food 6–8 times/week, had low physical activity, and watched TV more than 8 hours/week had significantly higher risk for obesity [OR 12.94, 95%CI 1.7 to 100.7; and OR 266.94, 95% CI 7.8 to 9137.7; OR 21.44, 95%CI 2.68 to 171.61; respectively]. Maternal education, eating breakfast, and playing video games were not significant risk factors for childhood obesity. Conclusion Maternal obesity, eating fast food 6-8 times per week, low physical activity and watching TV more than 8 hours/ week are risk factors for childhood obesity.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/103
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.35-9
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 35-9
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/103/79
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/104
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Diabetic ketoacidosis in children: an 11-year retrospective in Surabaya, Indonesia
Rochmah, Nur
Faizi, Muhammad
Harjantien, Netty
Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of type I diabetic mellitus (TIDM). Early recognition and prompt treatment can reduce mortality. Objective To evaluate the profiles of patients with diabetic ketoasidosis in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods Retrospective medical records of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with DKA in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from January 2002 to June 2013 were reviewed. The data collected included clinical parameters, laboratory and imaging results, predisposing factors, complications and outcomes. Results During an 11 years period, there were 58 cases of DKA in children with T1DM. Eighteen subjects (31%) were boys. The severity of DKA was classified as follows: mild 13 (22.4%), moderate 23 (39.7%), and severe DKA 22 (37.9%). Recurrent DKA was diagnosed in 24 (41.4%) patients. Common clinical profiles recorded were dehydration 46 (79.3%), malaise 37 (63.8%), decreased consciousness 35 (60.3%), dyspnea 27 (46.6%), vomiting 26 (44.8%), fever 25 (43.1%), seizure 13 (22.4%), and decreased body weight 9 (15.5%). Laboratory results observed were as folllows: hyponatremia 19 (32.8%), hyperkalemia 12 (20.7%) and acute renal failure 3 (5.2%). Head CT scans showed that 2 (3.4%) patients suffered from cerebral edema. Infections, as triggers of DKA, were found in 12 (20.6%) patients: 4 caries and periodontitis, 3 urinary tract infections, 2 acute diarrhea, 2 acute pharyngitis, and 1 otitis externa. Four out of 24 patients with recurrent DKA failed to take their insulin dose prior to DKA. The average of length of patient stay in the PICU was 3.26 (SD 3.50) days. No patients died during the study. Conclusion Dehydration is the most common clinical profile of DKA in our study. More than half of the patients suffer from moderate to severe DKA.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/104
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.40-3
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 40-3
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/104/80
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/105
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Correlation between vivax malaria infection and iron deficiency in children
Desmansyah, Desmansyah
Purnamasari, Rini
Theodorus, Theodorus
Waiman, Sulaiman
Background Iron deficiency is considered to be a major public health problem around the world due to its high prevalence as well as its effect on growth, development, and infection-resistance in children. In malaria-endemic areas, malaria infection is thought to contribute to the occurrence of iron deficiency, by means of hepcidin and hemolysis mechanisms. Objective To assess the prevalence of asymptomatic vivax malaria, compare hemoglobin levels and iron status parameters between vivax malaria-infected and uninfected children, assess the prevalence of iron deficiency, and evaluate a possible correlation between vivax malaria infection and iron deficiency. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2013 at Sanana City of Sula Islands District, North Maluku. Six parameters were evaluated in 5-11-year-old children: malaria parasite infection, hemoglobin level, serum iron concentration, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), serum transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin concentration. Results Among 296 children aged 5-11 years, 75 (25.3%) were infected with Plasmodium vivax. In infected children, hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, TIBC and serum ferritin were significantly lower than in non-infected children (P<0.01). Using a serum ferritin cut-off of <15 μg/dL, 142 (48.0%) of the children were found to be iron deficient. There was a strong correlation between vivax malaria infection and iron deficiency (OR 3.573; 95%CI 2.03-6.29). ConclusionThe prevalence of asymptomatic vivax malaria infection was 25.3%. The hemoglobin level and iron status parameters in vivax malaria-infected subjects were significantly lower than in uninfected children. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 48.0% for all study subjects. Malaria vivax infection was correlated with iron deficiency in 5-11-year-old children at Sanana City.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/105
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.44-9
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 44-9
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/105/81
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/106
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Academic achievement of junior high school students with sleep disorders
Auliyanti, Fijri
Sekartini, Rini
Mangunatmadja, Irawan
Background Sleep disorders are prevalent in adolescents and may influence their academic achievement. To date, no study has been done in Indonesia on academic achievement in students with sleep disorders and its related factors. Objective To assess for relationships between academic achievement and related factors, including gender, motivation and learning strategies, IQ level, maternal educational level, socioeconomic status, family structure, after-hours education program, presence of TV/computer in the bedroom, sleep duration during school days, as well as bedtime and wakeup time difference in junior high school students with sleep disorders. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed from January to March 2013. Subjects were students from five junior high schools in Jakarta who fulfilled the criteria for sleep disorders based on the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children questionnaire. Results There were 111 study subjects. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 39.7%, mostly in difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (70.2%). Below-average academic achievement was seen in 47.6% of subjects. Factors significantly related to below-average academic achievement were after-hours education program (prevalence ratio 5.6; 95%CI 1.36 to 23.18; P = 0.017), average IQ level (prevalence ratio 3.26; 95%CI 1.38 to 7.71; P = 0.007), and male gender (prevalence ratio 2.68; 95%CI 1.06 to 6.78; P = 0.037). Conclusion Among junior high school students with sleep disorders, factors related to below-average academic achievement are afterhours education program (more than 2 types), the average IQ level, and male gender.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/106
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.50-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 50-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/106/82
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/107
2021-05-27T04:09:36Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Congenital obstructive posterior urethral membranes and recurrent urinary tract infection: a rare case of congenital hypertrophy of the verumontanum
Bancin, Diana
Herini, Elisabeth S.
Kusuma, Pungky Ardani
Nurani, Neti
Congenital obstructive posterior urethral membranes (COPUM) is a complex disease closely related to several pathological changes in kidney development and function, as a result of urinary reflux since in utero. This congenital anomaly of urinary tract potentially causes hydroureteronephrosis that is often associated with recurrent urinary tract infections and, ultimately, one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease in children.1,2 Congenital hypertrophy of the verumontanum as part of COPUM is very rare. Only a few reports have been written on congenital hypertrophy of the vermontanum causing congenital obstructive uropathy.3-6
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2015-03-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/107
10.14238/pi55.1.2015.59-64
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015; 59-64
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi55.1.2015
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/107/83
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/108
2021-05-27T03:28:50Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:DEV
Agreement between the Denver II and Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status tests, with and without the assistance of a table of categorical responses
Priambodo, Arief
Dhamayanti, Meita
Fadlyana, Eddy
Background Among standardized developmental screening tools, the Denver II is commonly used by Indonesian pediatricians, but the Parent’s Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) test has gained in popularity. The Denver II test is filled by physicians, while the PEDS test is meant to be filled by parents. From a practical standpoint, however, parents often require assistance from doctors when filling out the PEDS forms. Hence, the advantage of the PEDS test over the Denver II test is not fully realized.Objective To compare the agreement between Denver II and PEDS tests, with and without parental use of a table of categorical responses taken from the PEDS manual.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in children aged 6 months to 5 years in Bandung from November 2015 to March 2016. Subjects were divided into two groups using block randomization. One group of subjects’ parents filled the PEDS questionnaires with the assistance of a table of categorical responses taken from the PEDS manual, while the other group of subjects’ parents filled PEDS forms without this table. All subjects underwent Denver II screening by pediatricans. The agreement between the PEDS and Denver II results were assessed by Kappa score.Results Of 254 children, 239 were analyzed. Kappa scores between the Denver II and PEDS tests were 0.05 (95%CI: -0.10 to 0.20) without the table of categorical responses, and -0.06 (-0.23 to 0.10) with the table of categorical responses.Conclusion Agreement between the Denver II and PEDS tests is poor. The table of categorical responses does not increase the agreement between Denver II and PEDS.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2017-01-09
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/108
10.14238/pi56.5.2016.267-71
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 5 (2016): September 2016; 267-71
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.5.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/108/pdf
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/110
2019-06-17T19:16:37Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:CAS
Diabetic ketoacidosis with acute kidney injury in prepubertal children: a report on two cases
Andriyani, Dwi
Wahyudhi, Afriyan
Anggriawan, Shirley Leonita
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a result of autoimmune damage, in which environmental factors are thought to trigger the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic ß-cells.1,2 Worldwide, an estimated 65,000 children under 15 years of age develop type 1 diabetes mellitus each year.3 Approximately 30% of children who present with newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes have diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).4 Himawan et al. reported a DKA prevalence of43.6% in girls.5 The long-term effects of diabetes mellitus include retinopathy, chronic kidney disease (nephropathy), neuropathy, and dyslipidemia.2
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2017-01-16
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/110
10.14238/pi56.6.2016.360-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 6 (2016): November 2016; 360-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.6.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/110/pdf
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/111
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:DEV
Family socioeconomic status and weight velocity in children aged 6-24 months
Eka, Tiara
Anzar, Julius
Azhar, Mutiara Budi
Background Socioeconomic status is one of the external factors that influences weight velocity.Objective To assess for a correlation between family socioeconomic status and weight velocity.Method This cross-sectional study was performed from October to December 2014. Subjects were patients at community health centers in Palembang, and included by a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected by interviewing mothers using questionaires. We measured the children’s weight and compared it to the previous weight measurement on the Child Health Card (Kartu Menuju Sehat/KMS). Risk of failure to thrive was determined by plotting increments onto the 2009 WHO Growth Velocity Standards Chart. Data were analyzed by Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests.Results The 97 respondents consisted of 74 children (76%) with good weight velocity and 23 children (24%) with risk of failure to thrive. Using indicators of socioeconomic status, we found a significant correlation between the level of family welfare and weight velocity. (PR=48.000; 95%CI 2.3 to 997.1; P=0.016). However, level of maternal education (P=0.788) and the number of children in the family (P=0.550) had no significant correlation to weight velocity. Caregivers of children (P= 0.560) and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (P=0.390) were not confounding variables for weight velocity in this study.Conclusion High to moderate level of family welfare is significantly correlated to good weight velocity. However, weight velocity has no significant correlation to either the level of maternal education or the number of children in the family. Caregivers of children and duration of exclusive breastfeeding are not confounding variables for this study.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/111
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.67-72
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 67-72
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/111/86
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/112
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:DEV
Effect of maternal health education on physical activity and body mass index of overweight children
Haya, Miratul
Mexitalia, Maria
Margawati, Ani
Background The percentage of overweight children in Bengkulu (16.4%) is higher than the national percentage (11.9%). High energy intake and low physical activity are two factors that cause overweight.Objective To assess the impact of maternal health education on changes in maternal behavior, as well as energy intake, physical activity level, and body mass index (BMI) z-scores in overweight children aged 3-6 years.Methods This study was a quasi-experiment with non-randomized, pre-post test control group, conducted in Bengkulu, Indonesia from January to April 2014. Subjects consisted of 48 mothers with overweight children, who were selected purposively and divided into 2 groups (treatment and control). Subjects’ parents kept records of their children’s food intake and daily activity. These records were used to measure energy intake and physical activity. Health education in the treatment group was conducted 6 times in 12 weeks, while the control group received health education only once at the beginning of the study.Results In the treatment group, the child physical activity level [0.04 (SD 0.01)] increased, while the % RDA for energy [-3.4 (SD 13.26)%] and BMI z-score [-0.57 (SD 0.26)] decreased. Significant differences were observed between the treatment and control groups in terms of maternal attitude, and children’s % RDA for energy, physical activity level, and BMI z-score after intervention (P <0.05).Conclusion Health education for mothers effects a positive change in maternal attitude, as well as increased physical activity level, decreased energy consumption relative to their need, and BMI z-score in overweight children.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/112
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.73-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 73-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/112/87
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/113
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:INF
Association between interleukin-8 and severity of dengue shock syndrome in children
Tatura, Suryadi N. N.
Daud, Dasril
Yusuf, Irawan
Wahyuni, Sitti
Bernadus, Janno B.
Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains a major health problem in tropical countries. The case fatality rate (CFR) can be reduced from 45% to <1%, if dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is treated early and adequately. Early biomarkers for DSS outcomes in children are needed. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) might be one of the molecule, as it plays a role in the pathophysiology of DHF in children.Objective To assess IL-8 levels in pediatric DHF patients at various stages of illness severity and to determine the correlation between serum IL-8 concentration on admission and DSS outcomes in children.Methods A prospective cohort study was done in children with DSS who were admitted to the Pediatrics Department of Kandou Hospital, Manado. We measured subjects’ serum IL-8 levels at the time of DSS diagnosis and followed-up subjects until there was improvement or deterioration. An association between IL-8 and DSS outcome was analyzed using univariable logistic regression test. An ROC curve and Chi-square test were used to analyze the prognostic value of serum IL-8 levels. Statistical significance was considered to be a P value of <0.05 (power 80, β=0.20)..Results Fifty-eight children with DSS were included in this study. Twenty-seven subjects had clinical deterioration (to recurrent shock, prolonged shock or died). There was a significant association between elevated IL-8 levels and clinical deterioration in DSS (OR 116.7; 95%CI 18.0 to 756.0; P=0.0001). The ROC curve revealed an IL-8 cut-off level of 194.9 pg/mL, AUC 0.982, with sensitivity 89.3%, specificity 93.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) 92.6%, negative predictive value (NPV) 90.3%.Conclusion There is an association between elevated early serum IL-8 level and a DSS deterioration. Further prognostic studies are needed to confirm the predictive ability of serum IL-8 level on DSS deterioration in children.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/113
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.79-83
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 79-83
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/113/88
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/114
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:HEM
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 gene polymorphisms in thalassemia patients with tuberculosis infection
Ghozali, Mohammad
Dewi, Sari Puspa
Ghrahani, Reni
Maskoen, Ani Melani
Reniarti, Lelani
Sahiratmadja, Edhyana
Achmad, Tri Hanggono
that needs regular blood transfusions leading to accumulation of iron in the cells. This iron overload level in macrophage might cause intracellular bacteria, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to multiply. Polymorphisms in natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1), a metal transporter across the phagosome membrane, play important role in regulating iron, which is also needed by MTB. Increased iron in thalassemia patients may have an increased potential risk for TB.Objective To compare natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene polymorphisms (INT4, D543N, and 3’UTR) in thalassemia patients with and without tuberculosis (TB) infection.Methods A cross-sectional measurement of NRAMP1 genetic polymorphisms was performed in pediatric thalassemia patients with TB (n=40) and without TB (n=50). Iron status including serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin, was compared between the two groups. The NRAMP1 genetic polymorphisms were analysed using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP). Allelic and genotypic distributions of each polymorphism were assessed for possible associations with TB infection.Results Mean serum iron and TIBC in thalassemia patients with TB were higher compared to thalassemia patients without TB (mean serum: 166.26 vs. 134.92 μmol/L, respectively; P=0.026) and (mean TIBC: 236.78 vs. 195.84 μmol/L, respectively; P=0.029). In thalassemia patients with TB, we observed significantly higher frequency of the C allele in INT4 (10% vs. 2%, respectively; OR=5.44; 95%CI 1.1 to 26.4; P=0.02) and the TGTG deletion allele (78.8% vs. 51%, respectively; OR=3.56; 95%CI 1.83 to 6.9; P=0.0002) in 3’UTR polymorphisms than in thalassemia patients without TB. There were no significant differences in distributions of the A allele between TB and non-TB groups (16.3% vs. 15%, respectively; P=0.84) or the GA genotype (32.5% vs. 30%, respectively; P=0.79) in D543N.Conclusion The NRAMP1 polymorphisms are known to be associated with major gene susceptibility to TB, and in our thalassemia patients this association is even more pronounced.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/114
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.84-9
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 84-9
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/114/89
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/115
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:HEM
Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent for diagnosing iron deficiency anemia in children
Rungngu, Susanti Lisupindan Palimbong
Wahani, Audrey
Mantik, Max F.J.
Background The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains high in Indonesian children. When anemia is detected in a patient, the physician’s task is to identify the cause, address it, provide iron therapy, and prevent recurrence. However, prevention is best done by early detection. The reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) is a direct measurement of iron level in reticulocytes recently produced in the bone marrow. The Ret-He measurement may be an early indicator of iron deficiency, as it is sensitive at the initial stage of the condition.Objective To assess for a relationship between Ret-He and IDA as well as to evaluate the usefulness of Ret-He for diagnosing IDA in children.Methods This analytic, observational study with cross-sectional approach included 50 children aged 6-12 years and was performed from November 2013 to March 2014. The subjects were divided into IDA or non-IDA groups, based on ferritin levels. A correlation analysis using logistic regression was performed and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and odds ratio (OR) were calculated. Results were considered to be statistically significant for P values <0.05.Results A low Ret-He level was significantly associated with IDA in children (P=0.005). The Ret-He cut-off point of 27.8 pg/L had sensitivity of 43.8%, specificity 85.3%, PPV 58.3%, and NPV 76.3%, with OR 4.5 (95%CI 1.1 to 17.7).Conclusion We find a significant positive relationship between Haemoglobin (Hb) and Ret-He in children, A low level of Ret-He is associated with greater risk of IDA in children. The Ret-He has a high specificity. As such, Ret-He may be useful as a screening tool for early detection of IDA in children.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/115
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.90-4
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 90-4
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/115/90
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/116
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:GAS
The role of glucomannan fiber in childhood functional constipation
Aulia, Indiana
Supriatmo, Supriatmo
Azlin, Emil
Sinuhaji, Atan Baas
its most common type is functional constipation. The dietary fiber may be useful in childhood functional constipation management, but unfortunately the role of fiber in functional constipation is still less developed.Objective To determine the role of glucomannan in treatment of childhood functional constipation.Methods A crossover randomized controlled trial (RCT) was done from May until July 2012 in a boarding school in Medan, North Sumatera. The subjects were children with functional constipation aged 7 to 12 years. Subjects were randomised into two group receiving glucomannan fiber as polysaccharide gel (group A) and maltodextrin as placebo (group B) with each dose of 100 mg/kg/day (maximum of 5 g/day) diluted in 50 ml water/500 mg for 4 weeks, then after a wash out period we did the crossover of the two groups. Frequency and consistency of stools were recorded into diary sheet for 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Functional constipation has been diagnosed based on Rome III criteria. Data was analyzed using independent T-test and Chi-square test.Results A total of 36 subjects were eligible with each group consisting of 18 subjects and mean of weight of 25 kg. We found significant difference in stool frequency, treated on glucomannan with P= 0.002 before and P = 0.0001 after the wash out period. For stool consistency, we found difference while treated on glucomannan 9/18 (P= 0.034) in 4 weeks before and 11/18 (P = 0.008) in 4 weeks after the wash out period.Conclusion Glucomannan has significant effect to improve functional constipation especially in 4 weeks treatment.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/116
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.95-100
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 95-100
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/116/91
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/117
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:NEP
Risk factors for hypertensive crisis in children with acute glomerulonephritis
Yuniarchan, Sherly
Prasetyo, Risky Vitria
Soemyarso, Ninik Asmaningsih
Noer, Mohammad Sjaifullah
Background Hypertensive crisis occurs in 1-4% of the hypertensive pediatric population, mostly due to acute glomerulonephritis (AGN). Some factors have been suggested to affect blood pressure (BP) in children, such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, obesity, and socioeconomic status, but little is known for risk factors for hypertensive crisis in AGN.Objective To analyze the risk factors for hypertensive crisis in children with AGN.Methods Retrospectively, we studied possible risk factors for hypertensive crisis in children with AGN at Dr. Soetomo Hospital from 2007 to 2011. Hypertensive crisis was defined as systolic BP ≥180 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥120 mmHg (for children ≥ 6 years of age); and systolic and/or diastolic BP >50% above the 95th percentile (for children aged <6 years). We evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics as potential risk factors. Statistical analysis was done with Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and logistic regression tests. Variables with P <0.25 in the univariable analysis were further analyzed by the multivariable logistic regression model. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There were 101 children included (mean age 9.7 (SD 2.17) years), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. Hypertensive crisis occurred in 42 (41.6%) children, of whom 8 had hypertensive urgency and 34 had hypertensive emergency. Proteinuria was seen in 53 children with AGN (52.5%) and was the significant risk factor for hypertensive crisis in our subjects (OR=2.75; 95%CI 1.16 to 6.52; P=0.021). Gender, clinical profiles, ethnicity, nutritional status, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were not significant risk factors for hypertensive crisis.Conclusion Proteinuria is the significant risk factor for hypertensive crisis in children with AGN.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/117
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.101-6
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 101-6
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/117/92
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/118
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:NEO
A comparison of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and immature to total neutrophil ratio for diagnosing early-onset neonatal sepsis
Wilar, Rocky
Daud, Dasril
As’ad, Suryani
Febriani, Dwi Bahagia
Mina, Mina
Background Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by the invasion of microorganisms into the bloodstream. Early diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is difficult. Laboratory tests with high sensitivity and specificity are needed in order to make early diagnoses in newborns.Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and immature to total (IT) neutrophil ratio for the diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis.Methods This observational study with cross-sectional design was conducted in the Neonatology Division, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital from November 2012 to April 2014. Consecutive sampling was applied. There were 103 newborns with suspected EONS who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Complete blood counts, blood cultures, as well as NGAL and IT ratio measurements were performed.Results NGAL was not significantly more sensitive than IT ratio [80.4% vs. 67.3%, respectively; (P=0.058)]. However, NGAL had lower specificity than IT ratio (27.7% vs. 50.0%, respectively; P=0.016). The positive predictive values (57.0% vs. 64.9%, respectively; P=0.176), and negative predictive values (54.2% vs. 52.6%, respectively; P=0.451) were similar in both diagnostic tests.Conclusion Immature to total neutrophil (IT) ratio has higher specificity compared to NGAL for early diagnosis of EONS. However, the difference in sensitivity between the two test is not statistically significant.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/118
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.107-10
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 107-10
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/118/93
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/119
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:GAS
Selenium and functional constipation in children
Tanjung, Marlina
Supriatmo, Supriatmo
Deliana, Melda
Yudiyanto, Ade Rachmat
Sinuhaji, Atan Baas
Background Constipation is a common problem in children, with approximately 90 to 95% of constipation cases having functional constipation. Oxidative stress may be a causative factor in gastrointestinal diseases, alleved by intervention with antioxidants. Selenium is an essential trace element and acts as a cofactor of gluthathione peroxidase, which protects membranes from oxidative damage.Objective To determine the effect of selenium on functional constipation in children.Methods We conducted a single-blind, randomized clinical trial from November to December 2012 at the Al-Kautsar Al-Akbar Islamic Boarding School in Medan, North Sumatra. Subjects were children aged 12 to 17 years with functional constipation, diagnosed according to the ROME III criteria. Patients were randomly allocated into either the selenium group (n=57) or the placebo group (n=57). Subjects were clinically evaluated for frequency of defecation, stool consistency, severity of abdominal pain, and side effects during the 2 weeks of treatment (days 7 and 14) and 1 week after treatment had stopped (day 21).Results A total of 114 subjects were eligible to participate. The average frequency of defecation observed on day 14 was 1.5 (SD 0.75) days per defecation (P=0.0001) in the selenium group and 2.4 (0.84) days per defecation in the placebo group, a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001). There was no significant difference in frequency of defecation on the 7th day of treatment. But after day 7, there were significant differences between the groups at days 14 and 21. Normal stool consistency was found in 45 subjects (78.9%) on day 7 and in 57 subjects (100%) on day 14 of treatment in the selenium group, significantly more than those in the placebo group (P<0.05). In placebo group, normal stool consistency was found in 27 subject (47.4%) with (P=0.001) on day 7 and in 38 subject (66.7%) on day 14 of treatment (P=0.0001). On day 14, the selenium group had significantly more subjects without pain than the placebo group [47 subjects (82.5%) vs. 10 subjects (17.5%), respectively (P=0.0001)]. Severity of abdominal pain after 14th day of treatment is without pain 47 subject (82.5%) and mild pain 10 subject (17.5%) (P=0.0001). We found no side effects of selenium treatment in our subjects.Conclusion Selenium is effective in improving clinically functional constipation, in terms of increased frequency of defecation, normalization of stool consistency, and less severe abdominal pain.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/119
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.111-7
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 111-7
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/119/94
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/120
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:GAS
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia
Parwata, Wayan Sulaksmana Sandhi
Sukardi, Wayan
Wahab, Abdul
Soenarto, Yati
diarrhea and dehydration among children aged <5 years in developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. There have been few studies on the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram.Objective To determine the prevalence and characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Mataram.Methods A cross sectional study using the WHO Generic Protocol for Rotavirus Surveillance was conducted in the Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) General Hospital, Mataram, as part of a multicenter study by the Indonesian Rotavirus Surveillance Network (IRSN) for children under five years of age. Subjects were diagnosed with rotavirus diarrhea based on stool sample examinations, using RT-PCR for genotyping. They were admitted to the Pediatrics Ward of the NTB Provincial General Hospital from January to December 2010.Results Of 329 children admitted with acute diarrhea, 210 (63.8%) had rotavirus positive stool specimens. For the year 2010, the highest incidence of rotavirus infection was in the month of January (86.4%). Rotavirus infections were found in children less than 2 years of age (65.4%), with the highest prevalence in the age group of 6 to 23 months (68.5%). In addition to clinical symptoms of watery diarrhea, there was a significantly greater percentage of vomiting in rotaviral vs. non-rotaviral diarrhea (67.7% vs. 32.3%, respectively; P<0.05). The majority of G and P genotypes found were G1 (86%), G2 (12%), P[8] (66%), P[4] (12.8%), and P[6] (8%).Conclusion Rotavirus infections are the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children aged <2 years in Mataram, Indonesia.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/120
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.118-23
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 118-23
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/120/95
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/121
2019-01-22T07:53:20Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:CAR
High sensitivity C-reactive protein, left ventricular mass, and systolic function in obese adolescents
Kaunang, Erling David
As’ad, Suryani
Warouw, Sarah M.
Kabo, Peter
Background Obesity has been associated with structural and functional cardiac muscle defects. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been utilized as an independent predictor of future cardiovascular disease.Objective To assess for correlations between hs-CRP, left ventricular mass, and systolic function in obese adolescents.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2013 to February 2014. Subjects were obese adolescents aged 13-18 years with a body mass index (BMI) >95th percentile, according to the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Growth Chart. Subjects underwent laboratory testing of serum hs-CRP levels, as well as left ventricular mass and function measurements by echocardiography. Descriptive analysis was performed on patients’ characteristics and correlation analysis was done by Pearson’s test with a significance level of P<0.05.Results Subjects were 40 obese adolescents. There was no statistically significant correlation between hs-CRP and left ventricular mass (r=0.083; P=0.305). There was a moderate correlation between hs-CRP with ejection fraction (EF) (r=0.372 and P=0.009 ) and fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle (r=0.420 and P=0.003).Conclusion In obese adolescents, we find no correlation between hs-CRP and left ventricular mass. However, hs-CRP is moderately correlated with left ventricular EF and FS.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-07-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/121
10.14238/pi56.2.2016.124-8
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 2 (2016): March 2016; 124-8
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.2.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/121/96
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/130
2021-05-27T03:28:50Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Nutritional status of infants with cow's milk allergy who consume breast milk vs. hypoallergenic formula
Safri, Mulya
Putra, Aulia Rahman
Mulya, Vidya Chatmayani
Background Infants with CMA are prone to suffer malnutrition because of the inability to absorb nutrients due to bowel inflammation. Breast milk and hypoallergenic formula is the best nutritional intake in CMA infants.Objective To compare the nutritional status of CMA infants who were consumed breast milk and hypoallergenic milk.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study included a total of 63 CMA infants aged 3-6 months collected by consecutive sampling. Infant’s nutritional status measured by anthropometric exam were divided into well-nourished (-2 to 2 SD) or malnourished (<-2 or >2 SD). Type of milk consumption were asked directly to parents/caregivers through interviews.Results Most of our subject are well-nourished (75%). The number of CMA infants who were consumed breast milk or hypoallergenik milk is not a lot of difference, 51% vs 49%, respectively. There is no significant difference between the nutritional status of CMA infants who consumed breast milk and hypoallergenic milk (P=0.61).Conclusion because there were no differences between the nutritional status of CMA infants who consumed breast milk and hypoallergenic milk. Therefore it is recommended giving breast milk or hypoallergenic milk for the first 6 months of life to reduce cow’s milk protein exposure.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2017-01-09
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/130
10.14238/pi56.5.2016.311-4
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 5 (2016): September 2016; 311-4
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.5.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/130/pdf
oai:ojs.paediatricaindonesiana.org:article/132
2019-06-17T19:17:26Z
paediatrica-indonesiana:ART
Body mass index, atopy, and allergic diseases
Lestary, Afnita
Irsa, Lily
Sembiring, Tiangsa
Evalina, Rita
Sinaga, Meiviliani
Background Prevalence of atopy, allergic diseases, and obesity are increasing. Atopy is an individu and/or familial tendency to sensitization in response to ordinary exposure to allergens. Studies on association of BM I with atopy and allergic diseases in children were limited, with inconclusive results.
Objective To assess associations of BM I with atopy and allergic diseases in chidren.
Methods A cross-sectional was conducted in school children aged 6-12 years in Lhokseumawe City, Aceh, June 2012. Children were assessed for BMI, skin prick test, and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, Fisher exact, and logistic regression.
Results The subjects consisted of 137 (85.6%) normoweight, 12 (7.5%) overweight, and 11 (6.9%) obesity. Skin prick test results were positive in 44 (27.5%) and negative in 116 (72.5%) subjects. Allergic manifestations were allergic rhinitis (AR) 17 (10.6%), bronchial asthma 6 (3.8%), and atopic dermatitis (AD) 3 (1.9%). There was significant association of obesity with atopy, compared with normoweight (OR=3.78; 95%CI 1.08 to 13.19; P=0.037), but no significant association found when family history of atopy also assesed. There was significant association of obesity with bronchial asthma (OR=9.92; 95%CI 1.46 to 67.18; P=0.004) and AR (OR=6.49; 95%CI 1.64 to 25.66; P=0.015), compared with normoweight children. Significant association of overweight with atopy and allergic disease were not found.
Conclusion Obese children are more likely to have atopy, bronchial asthma, and allergic rhinitis, but overweight and normoweight children are not.
Indonesian Pediatric Society
2016-10-19
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
application/pdf
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/132
10.14238/pi56.4.2016.221-5
Paediatrica Indonesiana; Vol 56 No 4 (2016): July 2016; 221-5
2338-476X
0030-9311
10.14238/pi56.4.2016
eng
https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/132/pdf
d7fcf499787dddf65f8bd6973723992e